Fail Sentry DIF uploads loudly after bounded retries

[warp-agent-staging]

Description

Make every shared Sentry DIF upload fail the release step when sentry-cli is unavailable, the input path is missing, or three upload attempts fail. Failed uploads retain the CLI's stdout and stderr, retry after bounded 5-second and 10-second delays, and report the successful attempt clearly.

The Windows upload remains in release_windows. That job already consumes PE and PDB artifacts from the separate build_windows_binaries job, so retrying a failed bundle job does not rebuild the binaries. Reviewer focus: the shared script's failure semantics and retry bounds.

Linked Issue

DEVX-8538

• No GitHub issue; this change is tracked in Linear.
• Screenshots are not applicable to this CI-only change.

Testing

• cmp script/sentry_upload_dif.sh /workspace/warp-internal/script/sentry_upload_dif.sh
• bash -n script/sentry_upload_dif.sh
• ./script/format --check
• git diff --check
• cargo clippy --workspace --exclude warp_completer --all-targets --tests -- -D warnings
• cargo clippy -p warp --all-targets --tests -- -D warnings
• cargo clippy -p warp_completer --all-targets --tests -- -D warnings

No automated regression test is included by requester direction.

• Local GUI testing is not applicable to this shell/CI change.

Agent Mode

• Warp Agent Mode - This PR was created via Warp's AI Agent Mode

CHANGELOG-NONE

[warp-local-for-testing-only]

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