GH-40861: [C++][Python] Support null, binary_view and string_view types in type check

cpp/src/arrow/type_test.cc

@@ -2418,6 +2418,7 @@ TEST(TypesTest, TestMembership) {
   for (auto type : PrimitiveTypes()) {
     all_types.push_back(type);
   }
+  TEST_PREDICATE(all_types, is_null);
   TEST_PREDICATE(all_types, is_integer);
   TEST_PREDICATE(all_types, is_signed_integer);
   TEST_PREDICATE(all_types, is_unsigned_integer);
@@ -2430,6 +2431,8 @@ TEST(TypesTest, TestMembership) {
   TEST_PREDICATE(all_types, is_large_binary_like);
   TEST_PREDICATE(all_types, is_binary);
   TEST_PREDICATE(all_types, is_string);
+  TEST_PREDICATE(all_types, is_binary_view)
+  TEST_PREDICATE(all_types, is_string_view);
   TEST_PREDICATE(all_types, is_temporal);
   TEST_PREDICATE(all_types, is_interval);
   TEST_PREDICATE(all_types, is_dictionary);

cpp/src/arrow/type_traits.h

@@ -955,6 +955,12 @@ using enable_if_physical_floating_point =
 /// \addtogroup runtime-type-predicates
 /// @{
 
+/// \brief Check for a null type
+///
+/// \param[in] type_id the type-id to check
+/// \return whether type-id is a null type one
+constexpr bool is_null(Type::type type_id) { return type_id == Type::NA; }
+
 /// \brief Check for an integer type (signed or unsigned)
 ///
 /// \param[in] type_id the type-id to check
@@ -1200,6 +1206,34 @@ constexpr bool is_string(Type::type type_id) {
   return false;
 }
 
+/// \brief Check for a binary-view type
+///
+/// \param[in] type_id the type-id to check
+/// \return whether type-id is a binary-view type one
+constexpr bool is_binary_view(Type::type type_id) {
+  switch (type_id) {
+    case Type::BINARY_VIEW:
+      return true;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+/// \brief Check for a string-view type
+///
+/// \param[in] type_id the type-id to check
+/// \return whether type-id is a string-view type one
+constexpr bool is_string_view(Type::type type_id) {
+  switch (type_id) {
+    case Type::STRING_VIEW:
+      return true;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
 /// \brief Check for a temporal type
 ///
 /// \param[in] type_id the type-id to check
@@ -1517,6 +1551,14 @@ static inline int offset_bit_width(Type::type type_id) {
 /// \return the required value alignment in bytes (1 if no alignment required)
 int RequiredValueAlignmentForBuffer(Type::type type_id, int buffer_index);
 
+/// \brief Check for a null type
+///
+/// \param[in] type the type to check
+/// \return whether type is a null type
+///
+/// Convenience for checking using the type's id
+static inline bool is_null(const DataType& type) { return is_null(type.id()); }
+
 /// \brief Check for an integer type (signed or unsigned)
 ///
 /// \param[in] type the type to check
@@ -1623,6 +1665,26 @@ static inline bool is_binary(const DataType& type) { return is_binary(type.id())
 /// Convenience for checking using the type's id
 static inline bool is_string(const DataType& type) { return is_string(type.id()); }
 
+/// \brief Check for a binary-view type
+///
+/// \param[in] type the type to check
+/// \return whether type is a binary-view type
+///
+/// Convenience for checking using the type's id
+static inline bool is_binary_view(const DataType& type) {
+  return is_binary_view(type.id());
+}
+
+/// \brief Check for a string-view type
+///
+/// \param[in] type the type to check
+/// \return whether type is a string-view type
+///
+/// Convenience for checking using the type's id
+static inline bool is_string_view(const DataType& type) {
+  return is_string_view(type.id());
+}
+
 /// \brief Check for a temporal type, including time and timestamps for each unit
 ///
 /// \param[in] type the type to check

python/pyarrow/includes/libarrow.pxd

@@ -3019,3 +3019,9 @@ cdef extern from "arrow/python/udf.h" namespace "arrow::py" nogil:
 
 cdef extern from "arrow/compute/cast.h" namespace "arrow::compute":
     CResult[CDatum] Cast(const CDatum& value, const CCastOptions& options)
+
+cdef extern from "arrow/type_traits.h" namespace "arrow":
+    c_bool is_null(Type type_id)
+    c_bool is_binary_view(Type type_id)
+    c_bool is_string_view(Type type_id)
+

python/pyarrow/lib.pyx

@@ -162,6 +162,9 @@ include "pandas-shim.pxi"
 # Memory pools and allocation
 include "memory.pxi"
 
+# TypeTraits
+include "type_traits.pxi"
+
 # DataType, Field, Schema
 include "types.pxi"
 

python/pyarrow/type_traits.pxi

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+from pyarrow.includes.libarrow cimport (is_null,
+                                        is_binary_view,
+                                        is_string_view)
+
+def _is_null(data_type):
+    """
+    This function checks whether the data type is null type.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    data_type: DataType
+        The data type to check against the null type.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    bool
+        True if the data type is null type, False otherwise.
+    """
+    return is_null(data_type.id)
+
+
+def _is_binary_view(data_type):
+    """
+    This function checks whether the data type is binary view type.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    data_type: DataType
+        The data type to check against the binary view type.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    bool
+        True if the data type is binary view type, False otherwise.
+    """
+    return is_binary_view(data_type.id)
+
+
+def _is_string_view(data_type):
+    """
+    This function checks whether the data type is string view type.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    data_type: DataType
+        The data type to check against the string view type.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    bool
+        True if the data type is string view type, False otherwise.
+    """
+    return is_string_view(data_type.id)

python/pyarrow/types.py

@@ -20,7 +20,10 @@
 
 from pyarrow.lib import (is_boolean_value,  # noqa
                          is_integer_value,
-                         is_float_value)
+                         is_float_value,
+                         _is_null,
+                         _is_binary_view,
+                         _is_string_view)
 
 import pyarrow.lib as lib
 from pyarrow.util import doc
@@ -47,14 +50,7 @@
 
 @doc(datatype="null")
 def is_null(t):
-    """
-    Return True if value is an instance of type: {datatype}.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    t : DataType
-    """
-    return t.id == lib.Type_NA
+    return _is_null(t)
 
 
 @doc(is_null, datatype="boolean")
@@ -256,12 +252,12 @@ def is_fixed_size_binary(t):
 
 @doc(is_null, datatype="variable-length binary view")
 def is_binary_view(t):
-    return t.id == lib.Type_BINARY_VIEW
+    return _is_binary_view(t)
 
 
 @doc(is_null, datatype="variable-length string (utf-8) view")
 def is_string_view(t):
-    return t.id == lib.Type_STRING_VIEW
+    return _is_string_view(t)
 
 
 @doc(is_null, datatype="date")