nmshd · tnotheis · Aug 19, 2026 · Aug 19, 2026 · Aug 19, 2026 · Aug 19, 2026
diff --git a/.dev/eudiplo/startEudiplo.ts b/.dev/eudiplo/startEudiplo.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import path from "path";
 import { GenericContainer, StartedTestContainer, Wait } from "testcontainers";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 
 export async function startEudiplo(): Promise<StartedTestContainer> {
     return await new GenericContainer("ghcr.io/openwallet-foundation/eudiplo:6.1.0@sha256:1aa0fd250d40c88f842dd5853dba81f87b75bc435b486b79e0789ed9297440ce")
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ export async function startEudiplo(): Promise<StartedTestContainer> {
         .withExposedPorts({ container: 3000, host: 3000 })
         .withCopyDirectoriesToContainer([
             {
-                source: path.resolve(path.join(__dirname, "config")),
+                source: fileURLToPath(new URL("config", import.meta.url)),
                 target: "/app/assets/config"
             }
         ])

diff --git a/packages/app-runtime/package.json b/packages/app-runtime/package.json
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
         "build:notest": "npm run build:node",
         "cdep": "tsc && depcruise --config ../../.dependency-cruiser.cjs dist",
         "lint:tsc": "tsc --noEmit && tsc -p test/tsconfig.json --noEmit",
-        "test": "jest --forceExit",
-        "test:ci": "jest -i --forceExit --coverage"
+        "test": "NODE_OPTIONS=\"$NODE_OPTIONS --experimental-vm-modules\" jest --forceExit",
+        "test:ci": "NODE_OPTIONS=\"$NODE_OPTIONS --experimental-vm-modules\" jest -i --forceExit --coverage"
     },
     "jest": {
         "collectCoverageFrom": [
@@ -35,7 +35,9 @@
             "lcov"
         ],
         "maxWorkers": 5,
-        "preset": "ts-jest",
+        "extensionsToTreatAsEsm": [
+            ".ts"
+        ],
         "setupFilesAfterEnv": [
             "./test/customMatchers.ts",
             "jest-expect-message",
@@ -44,28 +46,17 @@
         "testEnvironment": "node",
         "testTimeout": 60000,
         "transform": {
-            "^.+\\.(t|j)s$": [
+            "^.+\\.ts$": [
                 "ts-jest",
                 {
-                    "tsconfig": "test/tsconfig.json"
-                }
-            ],
-            "^.+\\.mjs$": [
-                "babel-jest",
-                {
-                    "presets": [
-                        [
-                            "@babel/preset-env",
-                            {
-                                "modules": "commonjs"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    ]
+                    "tsconfig": "test/tsconfig.json",
+                    "useESM": true
                 }
             ]
         },
         "moduleNameMapper": {
-            "^@verifiables/request-converter$": "<rootDir>/../../node_modules/@verifiables/request-converter/dist/index.js"
+            "^@verifiables/request-converter$": "<rootDir>/../../node_modules/@verifiables/request-converter/dist/index.js",
+            "^webcrypto-core$": "<rootDir>/../../node_modules/webcrypto-core/build/webcrypto-core.js"
         },
         "transformIgnorePatterns": [
             "[/\\\\]packages[/\\\\][^/\\\\]+[/\\\\]dist[/\\\\]",

diff --git a/packages/app-runtime/test/lib/TestUtil.ts b/packages/app-runtime/test/lib/TestUtil.ts
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ import { IConfigOverwrite } from "@nmshd/transport";
 import fs from "fs";
 import { defaultsDeep } from "lodash";
 import loki from "lokijs";
-import path from "path";
 import { GenericContainer, Wait } from "testcontainers";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 import {
     AppConfig,
     AppConfigOverwrite,
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ export class TestUtil {
 
     public static async runDeletionJob(): Promise<void> {
         const backboneVersion = this.getBackboneVersion();
-        const appsettingsOverrideLocation = process.env.APPSETTINGS_OVERRIDE_LOCATION ?? `${__dirname}/../../../../.dev/appsettings.override.json`;
+        const appsettingsOverrideLocation = process.env.APPSETTINGS_OVERRIDE_LOCATION ?? fileURLToPath(new URL("../../../../.dev/appsettings.override.json", import.meta.url));
         const backboneNetwork = process.env.BACKBONE_NETWORK ?? "local-test-backbone";
 
         await new GenericContainer(`ghcr.io/nmshd/backbone-identity-deletion-jobs:${backboneVersion}`)
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ export class TestUtil {
     private static getBackboneVersion() {
         if (process.env.BACKBONE_VERSION) return process.env.BACKBONE_VERSION;
 
-        const composeFile = fs.readFileSync(path.resolve(`${__dirname}/../../../../.dev/compose.backbone.yml`));
+        const composeFile = fs.readFileSync(fileURLToPath(new URL("../../../../.dev/compose.backbone.yml", import.meta.url)));
 
         const regex = /image: ghcr\.io\/nmshd\/backbone-consumer-api:(?<version>[^\r\n]*)@.*/;
         const match = composeFile.toString().match(regex);

diff --git a/packages/app-runtime/test/tsconfig.json b/packages/app-runtime/test/tsconfig.json
@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
     "compilerOptions": {
         "noEmit": true,
         "composite": false,
-        "allowJs": true, // we want to use the ts compiler to compile ESM node modules into CJS which is understood by jest. This is required since those node modules are javascript.
-        "types": ["jest", "node"]
+        "module": "ES2022",
+        "skipLibCheck": true,
+        "types": ["jest", "node", "lokijs"]
     },
     "files": ["../../../node_modules/jest-expect-message/types/index.d.ts"],
     "include": ["**/*.ts", "../src/**/*.ts"],

diff --git a/packages/consumption/package.json b/packages/consumption/package.json
@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@
         "cdep": "tsc && depcruise --config ../../.dependency-cruiser.cjs dist",
         "lint:tsc": "tsc --noEmit && tsc -p test/tsconfig.json --noEmit",
         "test:ci": "npm run test",
-        "test:ci:lokijs": "USE_LOKIJS=true jest -i --coverage",
-        "test:ci:mongodb": "jest -i",
-        "test:local:ferretdb": "npm run test:local:start:ferretdb && CONNECTION_STRING='mongodb://root:example@localhost:27022' jest",
-        "test:local:lokijs": "USE_LOKIJS=true jest",
-        "test:local:mongodb": "npm run test:local:start:mongodb && CONNECTION_STRING='mongodb://root:example@localhost:27021' jest",
+        "test:ci:lokijs": "USE_LOKIJS=true NODE_OPTIONS=\"$NODE_OPTIONS --experimental-vm-modules\" jest -i --coverage",
+        "test:ci:mongodb": "NODE_OPTIONS=\"$NODE_OPTIONS --experimental-vm-modules\" jest -i",
+        "test:local:ferretdb": "npm run test:local:start:ferretdb && CONNECTION_STRING='mongodb://root:example@localhost:27022' NODE_OPTIONS=\"$NODE_OPTIONS --experimental-vm-modules\" jest",
+        "test:local:lokijs": "USE_LOKIJS=true NODE_OPTIONS=\"$NODE_OPTIONS --experimental-vm-modules\" jest",
+        "test:local:mongodb": "npm run test:local:start:mongodb && CONNECTION_STRING='mongodb://root:example@localhost:27021' NODE_OPTIONS=\"$NODE_OPTIONS --experimental-vm-modules\" jest",
         "test:local:start:ferretdb": "docker compose -f ../../.dev/compose.yml up -d runtime-ferret",
         "test:local:start:mongodb": "docker compose -f ../../.dev/compose.yml up -d runtime-mongo",
         "test:local:teardown": "docker compose -f ../../.dev/compose.yml rm -fsv"
@@ -42,7 +42,9 @@
             "lcov"
         ],
         "maxWorkers": 1,
-        "preset": "ts-jest",
+        "extensionsToTreatAsEsm": [
+            ".ts"
+        ],
         "setupFilesAfterEnv": [
             "./test/customMatchers.ts",
             "jest-expect-message",
@@ -51,28 +53,17 @@
         "testEnvironment": "node",
         "testTimeout": 60000,
         "transform": {
-            "^.+\\.(t|j)s$": [
+            "^.+\\.ts$": [
                 "ts-jest",
                 {
-                    "tsconfig": "test/tsconfig.json"
-                }
-            ],
-            "^.+\\.mjs$": [
-                "babel-jest",
-                {
-                    "presets": [
-                        [
-                            "@babel/preset-env",
-                            {
-                                "modules": "commonjs"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    ]
+                    "tsconfig": "test/tsconfig.json",
+                    "useESM": true
                 }
             ]
         },
         "moduleNameMapper": {
-            "^@verifiables/request-converter$": "<rootDir>/../../node_modules/@verifiables/request-converter/dist/index.js"
+            "^@verifiables/request-converter$": "<rootDir>/../../node_modules/@verifiables/request-converter/dist/index.js",
+            "^webcrypto-core$": "<rootDir>/../../node_modules/webcrypto-core/build/webcrypto-core.js"
         },
         "transformIgnorePatterns": [
             "[/\\\\]packages[/\\\\][^/\\\\]+[/\\\\]dist[/\\\\]",

diff --git a/packages/consumption/test/tsconfig.json b/packages/consumption/test/tsconfig.json
@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
     "compilerOptions": {
         "noEmit": true,
         "composite": false,
-        "allowJs": true, // we want to use the ts compiler to compile ESM node modules into CJS which is understood by jest. This is required since those node modules are javascript.
-        "types": ["jest", "node"]
+        "module": "ES2022",
+        "skipLibCheck": true,
+        "types": ["jest", "node", "lokijs"]
     },
     "files": ["../../../node_modules/jest-expect-message/types/index.d.ts"],
     "include": ["**/*.ts", "../src/**/*.ts"],

diff --git a/packages/content/package.json b/packages/content/package.json
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
         "build:notest": "npm run build:node",
         "cdep": "tsc && depcruise --config ../../.dependency-cruiser.cjs dist",
         "lint:tsc": "tsc --noEmit && tsc -p test/tsconfig.json --noEmit",
-        "test": "jest",
-        "test:ci": "jest -i --coverage"
+        "test": "NODE_OPTIONS=\"$NODE_OPTIONS --experimental-vm-modules\" jest",
+        "test:ci": "NODE_OPTIONS=\"$NODE_OPTIONS --experimental-vm-modules\" jest -i --coverage"
     },
     "jest": {
         "collectCoverageFrom": [
@@ -35,7 +35,9 @@
             "lcov"
         ],
         "maxWorkers": 5,
-        "preset": "ts-jest",
+        "extensionsToTreatAsEsm": [
+            ".ts"
+        ],
         "setupFilesAfterEnv": [
             "jest-expect-message",
             "../../jest.setup.cjs"
@@ -46,7 +48,8 @@
             "^.+\\.ts$": [
                 "ts-jest",
                 {
-                    "tsconfig": "test/tsconfig.json"
+                    "tsconfig": "test/tsconfig.json",
+                    "useESM": true
                 }
             ]
         }

diff --git a/packages/content/test/tsconfig.json b/packages/content/test/tsconfig.json
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
     "compilerOptions": {
         "noEmit": true,
         "composite": false,
+        "module": "ES2022",
         "types": ["jest", "node"]
     },
     "files": ["../../../node_modules/jest-expect-message/types/index.d.ts"],

diff --git a/packages/core-types/package.json b/packages/core-types/package.json
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@
         "build:ci": "tsc",
         "cdep": "tsc && depcruise --config ../../.dependency-cruiser.cjs dist",
         "lint:tsc": "tsc --noEmit && tsc -p test/tsconfig.json --noEmit",
-        "test": "jest -i",
-        "test:ci": "jest -i --coverage"
+        "test": "NODE_OPTIONS=\"$NODE_OPTIONS --experimental-vm-modules\" jest -i",
+        "test:ci": "NODE_OPTIONS=\"$NODE_OPTIONS --experimental-vm-modules\" jest -i --coverage"
     },
     "jest": {
         "collectCoverageFrom": [
@@ -33,7 +33,9 @@
             "lcov"
         ],
         "maxWorkers": 1,
-        "preset": "ts-jest",
+        "extensionsToTreatAsEsm": [
+            ".ts"
+        ],
         "setupFilesAfterEnv": [
             "jest-expect-message",
             "../../jest.setup.cjs"
@@ -44,7 +46,8 @@
             "^.+\\.ts$": [
                 "ts-jest",
                 {
-                    "tsconfig": "test/tsconfig.json"
+                    "tsconfig": "test/tsconfig.json",
+                    "useESM": true
                 }
             ]
         }

diff --git a/packages/core-types/test/tsconfig.json b/packages/core-types/test/tsconfig.json
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
     "compilerOptions": {
         "noEmit": true,
         "composite": false,
+        "module": "ES2022",
         "types": ["jest", "node"]
     },
     "files": ["../../../node_modules/jest-expect-message/types/index.d.ts"],

diff --git a/packages/runtime/package.json b/packages/runtime/package.json
@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@
         "build:schemas": "node scripts/buildSchemas.mjs",
         "cdep": "tsc && depcruise --config ../../.dependency-cruiser.cjs dist",
         "lint:tsc": "tsc --noEmit && tsc -p test/tsconfig.json --noEmit",
-        "test:ci:lokijs": "USE_LOKIJS=true jest -i --coverage",
-        "test:ci:mongodb": "jest -i --coverage",
-        "test:local:ferretdb": "npm run test:local:start:ferretdb && CONNECTION_STRING='mongodb://root:example@localhost:27022' jest",
-        "test:local:lokijs": "USE_LOKIJS=true jest",
-        "test:local:mongodb": "npm run test:local:start:mongodb && CONNECTION_STRING='mongodb://root:example@localhost:27021' jest",
+        "test:ci:lokijs": "USE_LOKIJS=true NODE_OPTIONS=\"$NODE_OPTIONS --experimental-vm-modules\" jest -i --coverage",
+        "test:ci:mongodb": "NODE_OPTIONS=\"$NODE_OPTIONS --experimental-vm-modules\" jest -i --coverage",
+        "test:local:ferretdb": "npm run test:local:start:ferretdb && CONNECTION_STRING='mongodb://root:example@localhost:27022' NODE_OPTIONS=\"$NODE_OPTIONS --experimental-vm-modules\" jest",
+        "test:local:lokijs": "USE_LOKIJS=true NODE_OPTIONS=\"$NODE_OPTIONS --experimental-vm-modules\" jest",
+        "test:local:mongodb": "npm run test:local:start:mongodb && CONNECTION_STRING='mongodb://root:example@localhost:27021' NODE_OPTIONS=\"$NODE_OPTIONS --experimental-vm-modules\" jest",
         "test:local:start:ferretdb": "docker compose -f ../../.dev/compose.yml up -d runtime-ferret",
         "test:local:start:mongodb": "docker compose -f ../../.dev/compose.yml up -d runtime-mongo",
         "test:local:teardown": "docker compose -f ../../.dev/compose.yml rm -fsv"
@@ -42,7 +42,9 @@
             "lcov"
         ],
         "maxWorkers": 1,
-        "preset": "ts-jest",
+        "extensionsToTreatAsEsm": [
+            ".ts"
+        ],
         "setupFilesAfterEnv": [
             "./test/customMatchers.ts",
             "./test/disableTimeoutForDebugging.ts",
@@ -52,28 +54,17 @@
         "testEnvironment": "node",
         "testTimeout": 60000,
         "transform": {
-            "^.+\\.(t|j)s$": [
+            "^.+\\.ts$": [
                 "ts-jest",
                 {
-                    "tsconfig": "test/tsconfig.json"
-                }
-            ],
-            "^.+\\.mjs$": [
-                "babel-jest",
-                {
-                    "presets": [
-                        [
-                            "@babel/preset-env",
-                            {
-                                "modules": "commonjs"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    ]
+                    "tsconfig": "test/tsconfig.json",
+                    "useESM": true
                 }
             ]
         },
         "moduleNameMapper": {
-            "^@verifiables/request-converter$": "<rootDir>/../../node_modules/@verifiables/request-converter/dist/index.js"
+            "^@verifiables/request-converter$": "<rootDir>/../../node_modules/@verifiables/request-converter/dist/index.js",
+            "^webcrypto-core$": "<rootDir>/../../node_modules/webcrypto-core/build/webcrypto-core.js"
         },
         "transformIgnorePatterns": [
             "[/\\\\]packages[/\\\\][^/\\\\]+[/\\\\]dist[/\\\\]",

diff --git a/packages/runtime/test/disableTimeoutForDebugging.ts b/packages/runtime/test/disableTimeoutForDebugging.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { jest } from "@jest/globals";
+
 /* Disable timeout errors if we're debugging */
 if (process.env.NODE_OPTIONS !== undefined && process.env.NODE_OPTIONS.search("inspect") !== -1) {
     jest.setTimeout(1e9);

diff --git a/packages/runtime/test/lib/testUtils.ts b/packages/runtime/test/lib/testUtils.ts
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import { IdentityUtil, SynchronizedCollection } from "@nmshd/transport";
 import fs from "fs";
 import _ from "lodash";
 import { DateTime } from "luxon";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 import {
     AttributeSucceededEvent,
     ConsumptionServices,
@@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ export async function makeUploadRequest(values: object = {}): Promise<UploadOwnF
     return {
         title: "aTitle",
         filename: "aFileName",
-        content: await fs.promises.readFile(`${__dirname}/../__assets__/test.txt`),
+        content: await fs.promises.readFile(fileURLToPath(new URL("../__assets__/test.txt", import.meta.url))),
         mimetype: "aMimetype",
         description: "aDescription",
         expiresAt: DateTime.utc().plus({ minutes: 5 }).toString(),

diff --git a/packages/runtime/test/transport/files.test.ts b/packages/runtime/test/transport/files.test.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { CoreDate } from "@nmshd/core-types";
 import fs from "fs";
 import { DateTime } from "luxon";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 import { GetFilesQuery, OwnerRestriction, TransportServices } from "../../src";
 import { cleanupFiles, exchangeFile, makeUploadRequest, QueryParamConditions, RuntimeServiceProvider, TestRuntimeServices, uploadFile } from "../lib";
 
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ describe("File upload", () => {
     });
 
     test("can upload same file twice", async () => {
-        const request = await makeUploadRequest({ content: await fs.promises.readFile(`${__dirname}/../__assets__/test.txt`) });
+        const request = await makeUploadRequest({ content: await fs.promises.readFile(fileURLToPath(new URL("../__assets__/test.txt", import.meta.url))) });
 
         const response1 = await transportServices1.files.uploadOwnFile(request);
         const response2 = await transportServices1.files.uploadOwnFile(request);
@@ -203,7 +204,7 @@ describe("Get file", () => {
 
 describe("Upload big files", () => {
     test("can not upload a file that is bigger than 10MB", async () => {
-        const file = await fs.promises.readFile(`${__dirname}/../__assets__/upload-10+mb.bin`);
+        const file = await fs.promises.readFile(fileURLToPath(new URL("../__assets__/upload-10+mb.bin", import.meta.url)));
 
         const response = await transportServices1.files.uploadOwnFile(await makeUploadRequest({ content: file }));
         expect(response).toBeAnError("'content' is too large", "error.runtime.validation.invalidPropertyValue");

diff --git a/packages/runtime/test/tsconfig.json b/packages/runtime/test/tsconfig.json
@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
     "compilerOptions": {
         "noEmit": true,
         "composite": false,
-        "allowJs": true, // we want to use the ts compiler to compile ESM node modules into CJS which is understood by jest. This is required since those node modules are javascript.
-        "types": ["jest", "node"]
+        "module": "ES2022",
+        "skipLibCheck": true,
+        "types": ["jest", "node", "lokijs"]
     },
     "files": ["../../../node_modules/jest-expect-message/types/index.d.ts"],
     "include": ["**/*.ts", "../src/**/*.ts"],