Extract compiler assembly emitter

[katsyoshi]

Summary

• extract GAS Intel assembly serialization from Compiler::Generator into Compiler::Emitter
• add Compiler::Analyzer and explicit compilation contexts for entry points, methods, parameters, and local variables
• represent the top-level entry and defined methods as Context::Function instances
• make the generator consume analyzed function contexts instead of rediscovering method bodies and variable slots
• resolve required positional parameters and local variables per function
• add matching RBS declarations and focused analyzer/context coverage
• add an end-to-end shared-library test that calls a compiled function with Fiddle and verifies its arguments, local assignment, and return value

Pipeline

RubyVM AST -> Analyzer -> Context::Function -> Generator -> Emitter -> AMD64 assembly

This keeps RubyVM-specific analysis out of assembly serialization and establishes explicit function-level state before further lowering work.

Current scope

• required positional parameters are supported
• optional, rest, and keyword parameter modeling remain follow-up work
• the frontend still uses RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree; introducing compiler-owned syntax nodes is intentionally deferred

Tests

• rake test — 65 tests, 293 assertions, 1 environment-dependent omission
• rake steep:check
• bundle exec rbs validate

The omitted test requires Ruby::Box, which is not supported in the current environment.

Follow-up

• separate RubyVM-specific traversal from analysis and AMD64 lowering
• move label allocation and remaining lowering-only state into the appropriate contexts
• replace remaining parser-node handling in the generator with compiler-owned syntax nodes

[katsyoshi]

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