Populate architecture docs time daemon

[ryan-steel]

Moves feature/time_daemon/index.rst docs to the detailed design.

Related ticket

Part of #95

Stack Info

Part of stacked PR chain (layer 3 of 3):

1. docs: add module_template docs boilerplate to time_daemon #172
2. add time_daemon component requirements #153
3. Populate architecture docs time daemon #171 (this PR)

Commits in this layer: 7

[github-actions]

License Check Results

🚀 The license check job ran with the Bazel command:

bazel run //:license-check

Status: ⚠️ Needs Review

Click to expand output

[License Check Output]
Extracting Bazel installation...
Starting local Bazel server (8.6.0) and connecting to it...
INFO: Invocation ID: cef63aba-b42a-4c90-8f8c-74f6e4cc1247
Computing main repo mapping: 
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Analyzing: target //:license-check (4 packages loaded, 0 targets configured)
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Analyzing: target //:license-check (52 packages loaded, 10 targets configured)

Analyzing: target //:license-check (134 packages loaded, 227 targets configured)

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Analyzing: target //:license-check (159 packages loaded, 6206 targets configured)

Analyzing: target //:license-check (164 packages loaded, 6255 targets configured)

Analyzing: target //:license-check (164 packages loaded, 6255 targets configured)

Analyzing: target //:license-check (164 packages loaded, 6255 targets configured)

Analyzing: target //:license-check (167 packages loaded, 8142 targets configured)

Analyzing: target //:license-check (170 packages loaded, 11342 targets configured)

Analyzing: target //:license-check (171 packages loaded, 11350 targets configured)

Analyzing: target //:license-check (171 packages loaded, 11350 targets configured)

Analyzing: target //:license-check (172 packages loaded, 11476 targets configured)

INFO: Analyzed target //:license-check (172 packages loaded, 11476 targets configured).
INFO: From Generating Dash formatted dependency file ...:
INFO: Successfully converted 2 packages from Cargo.lock to bazel-out/k8-fastbuild/bin/formatted.txt
[14 / 16] [Prepa] JavaToolchainCompileBootClasspath external/rules_java+/toolchains/platformclasspath.jar
INFO: Found 1 target...
Target //:license.check.license_check up-to-date:
  bazel-bin/license.check.license_check
  bazel-bin/license.check.license_check.jar
INFO: Elapsed time: 30.415s, Critical Path: 2.45s
INFO: 16 processes: 12 internal, 3 processwrapper-sandbox, 1 worker.
INFO: Build completed successfully, 16 total actions
INFO: Running command line: bazel-bin/license.check.license_check ./formatted.txt <args omitted>
usage: org.eclipse.dash.licenses.cli.Main [-batch <int>] [-cd <url>]
       [-confidence <int>] [-ef <url>] [-excludeSources <sources>] [-help] [-lic
       <url>] [-project <shortname>] [-repo <url>] [-review] [-summary <file>]
       [-timeout <seconds>] [-token <token>]