codeigniter4 · gr8man · Sep 23, 2026
diff --git a/.github/scripts/random-tests-config.txt b/.github/scripts/random-tests-config.txt
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Config
 Cookie
 # DataCaster
 # DataConverter
-# Database
+Database
 # Debug
 Email
 # Encryption

diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-random-execution.yml b/.github/workflows/test-random-execution.yml
@@ -75,7 +75,10 @@ jobs:
           - Postgre
           - SQLSRV
           - SQLite3
-          - Oracle
+          # Oracle is excluded: OCI8 uses a single shared schema via DSN
+          # and cannot be isolated with per-component databases, causing
+          # ORA-00955 collisions when components run in parallel.
+          # - Oracle
 
     services:
       mysql:
@@ -177,7 +180,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: shivammathur/setup-php@f3e473d116dcccaddc5834248c87452386958240 # 2.37.2
         with:
           php-version: ${{ matrix.php-version }}
-          extensions: gd, curl, iconv, json, mbstring, openssl, sodium
+          extensions: gd, curl, iconv, json, mbstring, openssl, sodium, mysqli, oci8, pgsql, sqlsrv, sqlite3
           ini-values: opcache.enable_cli=0
           coverage: none
 

diff --git a/system/Database/BaseConnection.php b/system/Database/BaseConnection.php
@@ -1720,7 +1720,13 @@ public function listTables(bool $constrainByPrefix = false)
     public function tableExists(string $tableName, bool $cached = true): bool
     {
         if ($cached) {
-            return in_array($this->protectIdentifiers($tableName, true, false, false), $this->listTables(), true);
+            $tableName = $this->protectIdentifiers($tableName, true, false, false);
+
+            return in_array(
+                strtolower($tableName),
+                array_map(strtolower(...), $this->listTables()),
+                true,
+            );
         }
 
         if (false === ($sql = $this->_listTables(false, $tableName))) {

diff --git a/system/Database/Forge.php b/system/Database/Forge.php
@@ -572,8 +572,16 @@ public function createTable(string $table, bool $ifNotExists = false, array $att
         $sql = $this->_createTable($table, false, $attributes);
 
         if (($result = $this->db->query($sql)) !== false) {
-            if (isset($this->db->dataCache['table_names']) && ! in_array($table, $this->db->dataCache['table_names'], true)) {
-                $this->db->dataCache['table_names'][] = $table;
+            if (isset($this->db->dataCache['table_names'])) {
+                $exists = in_array(
+                    strtolower($table),
+                    array_map(strtolower(...), $this->db->dataCache['table_names']),
+                    true,
+                );
+
+                if (! $exists) {
+                    $this->db->dataCache['table_names'][] = $table;
+                }
             }
 
             // Most databases don't support creating indexes from within the CREATE TABLE statement

diff --git a/system/Database/OCI8/Connection.php b/system/Database/OCI8/Connection.php
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 use ErrorException;
 use stdClass;
 
+defined('OCI_COMMIT_ON_SUCCESS') || define('OCI_COMMIT_ON_SUCCESS', 32);
+
 /**
  * Connection for OCI8
  *
@@ -155,6 +157,22 @@ public function connect(bool $persistent = false)
             : $func($this->username, $this->password, $this->DSN, $this->charset);
     }
 
+    public function initialize()
+    {
+        parent::initialize();
+
+        if ($this->connID) {
+            $this->simpleQuery("ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT='YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'");
+            $this->simpleQuery("ALTER SESSION SET NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT='YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'");
+            $this->simpleQuery("ALTER SESSION SET NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT='YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Close the database connection.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
     protected function _close()
     {
         if (is_resource($this->cursorId)) {
@@ -264,7 +282,7 @@ public function parseInsertTableName(string $sql): string
             return '';
         }
 
-        preg_match('/(?is)\b(?:into)\s+("?\w+"?)/', $commentStrippedSql, $match);
+        preg_match('/(?is)\b(?:into)\s+(?:\"?\w+\"?\.)?(\"?\w+\"?)/', $commentStrippedSql, $match);
         $tableName = $match[1] ?? '';
 
         return str_starts_with($tableName, '"') ? trim($tableName, '"') : strtoupper($tableName);
@@ -404,7 +422,7 @@ protected function _indexData(string $table): array
             $retVal[$row->INDEX_NAME]         = new stdClass();
             $retVal[$row->INDEX_NAME]->name   = $row->INDEX_NAME;
             $retVal[$row->INDEX_NAME]->fields = [$row->COLUMN_NAME];
-            $retVal[$row->INDEX_NAME]->type   = $constraintTypes[$row->CONSTRAINT_TYPE] ?? 'INDEX';
+            $retVal[$row->INDEX_NAME]->type   = $constraintTypes[$row->CONSTRAINT_TYPE ?? ''] ?? 'INDEX';
         }
 
         return $retVal;
@@ -620,7 +638,7 @@ public function insertID(): int
             }
 
             $primaryColumnName = $this->protectIdentifiers($index->fields[0], false, false);
-            $primaryColumnType = $columnTypeList[$primaryColumnName];
+            $primaryColumnType = $columnTypeList[$primaryColumnName] ?? $columnTypeList[strtoupper($primaryColumnName)] ?? null;
 
             if ($primaryColumnType !== 'NUMBER') {
                 $primaryColumnName = '';

diff --git a/system/Database/Postgre/Builder.php b/system/Database/Postgre/Builder.php
@@ -467,13 +467,25 @@ protected function _upsertBatch(string $table, array $keys, array $values): stri
             $constraints = $this->QBOptions['constraints'] ?? [];
 
             if ($constraints === []) {
-                $allIndexes = array_filter($this->db->getIndexData($table), static function ($index) use ($fieldNames): bool {
+                $tableIndexes = $this->db->getIndexData($table);
+
+                $uniqueIndexes = array_filter($tableIndexes, static function ($index) use ($fieldNames): bool {
                     $hasAllFields = count(array_intersect($index->fields, $fieldNames)) === count($index->fields);
 
-                    return ($index->type === 'UNIQUE' || $index->type === 'PRIMARY') && $hasAllFields;
+                    return $index->type === 'PRIMARY' && $hasAllFields;
                 });
 
-                foreach ($allIndexes as $index) {
+                // if no primary found then look for unique - since indexes have no order
+                if ($uniqueIndexes === []) {
+                    $uniqueIndexes = array_filter($tableIndexes, static function ($index) use ($fieldNames): bool {
+                        $hasAllFields = count(array_intersect($index->fields, $fieldNames)) === count($index->fields);
+
+                        return $index->type === 'UNIQUE' && $hasAllFields;
+                    });
+                }
+
+                // only take first index
+                foreach ($uniqueIndexes as $index) {
                     $constraints = $index->fields;
                     break;
                 }

diff --git a/system/Database/Postgre/Connection.php b/system/Database/Postgre/Connection.php
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 use PgSql\Result as PgSqlResult;
 use stdClass;
 use Stringable;
+use Throwable;
 
 /**
  * Connection for Postgre
@@ -159,15 +160,30 @@ private function convertDSN()
 
     protected function _close()
     {
-        pg_close($this->connID);
+        if ($this->connID !== false) {
+            try {
+                pg_close($this->connID);
+            } catch (Throwable) {
+            } finally {
+                $this->connID = false;
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     /**
      * Ping the database connection.
      */
     protected function _ping(): bool
     {
-        return pg_ping($this->connID);
+        if ($this->connID === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            return pg_ping($this->connID);
+        } catch (Throwable) {
+            return false;
+        }
     }
 
     /**

diff --git a/tests/_support/Config/Registrar.php b/tests/_support/Config/Registrar.php
@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@
 
 namespace Tests\Support\Config;
 
+use mysqli;
+use PDO;
+use Throwable;
+
 /**
  * Class Registrar
  *
@@ -137,7 +141,68 @@ public static function Database(): array
         // so that we can test against multiple databases.
         $group = env('DB', 'SQLite3');
 
-        $config['tests'] = self::$dbConfig[$group] ?? [];
+        if ($group === 'Oracle') {
+            $group = 'OCI8';
+        }
+
+        $dbParams = self::$dbConfig[$group] ?? [];
+
+        if (! empty($dbParams) && ! in_array($group, ['SQLite3', 'OCI8'], true)) {
+            $componentName = '';
+
+            foreach ($_SERVER['argv'] ?? [] as $arg) {
+                if (str_contains($arg, 'tests/system/')) {
+                    $parts = explode('tests/system/', $arg);
+                    if (isset($parts[1])) {
+                        $componentName = explode('/', $parts[1])[0];
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if ($componentName !== '') {
+                $dbParams['database'] = 'test_' . strtolower($componentName);
+
+                try {
+                    if ($group === 'MySQLi') {
+                        $conn = new mysqli(
+                            $dbParams['hostname'],
+                            $dbParams['username'],
+                            $dbParams['password'],
+                            '',
+                            (int) $dbParams['port'],
+                        );
+                        if (! $conn->connect_error) {
+                            $conn->query('CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS ' . $conn->real_escape_string($dbParams['database']));
+                            $conn->close();
+                        }
+                    } elseif ($group === 'Postgre') {
+                        $dsn = 'pgsql:host=' . $dbParams['hostname'] . ';port=' . $dbParams['port'] . ';user=' . $dbParams['username'] . ';password=' . $dbParams['password'];
+                        $pdo = new PDO($dsn);
+                        $pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
+                        $stmt = $pdo->prepare('SELECT 1 FROM pg_database WHERE datname = ?');
+                        $stmt->execute([$dbParams['database']]);
+                        if (! $stmt->fetchColumn()) {
+                            $dbName = str_replace('"', '""', $dbParams['database']);
+                            $pdo->exec('CREATE DATABASE "' . $dbName . '"');
+                        }
+                    } elseif ($group === 'SQLSRV') {
+                        $dsn = 'sqlsrv:Server=' . $dbParams['hostname'] . ',' . $dbParams['port'] . ';Encrypt=False;TrustServerCertificate=True';
+                        $pdo = new PDO($dsn, $dbParams['username'], $dbParams['password']);
+                        $pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
+                        $stmt = $pdo->prepare('SELECT 1 FROM sys.databases WHERE name = ?');
+                        $stmt->execute([$dbParams['database']]);
+                        if (! $stmt->fetchColumn()) {
+                            $pdo->exec('CREATE DATABASE [' . str_replace(']', ']]', $dbParams['database']) . '] COLLATE Latin1_General_100_CS_AS_SC_UTF8');
+                        }
+                    }
+                } catch (Throwable) {
+                    // Ignore any error and let the connection fail naturally
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        $config['tests'] = $dbParams;
 
         return $config;
     }

diff --git a/tests/_support/Database/Migrations/20160428212500_Create_test_tables.php b/tests/_support/Database/Migrations/20160428212500_Create_test_tables.php
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 namespace Tests\Support\Database\Migrations;
 
 use CodeIgniter\Database\Migration;
+use Throwable;
 
 class Migration_Create_test_tables extends Migration
 {
@@ -183,6 +184,7 @@ public function down(): void
         $this->forge->dropTable('user', true);
         $this->forge->dropTable('job', true);
         $this->forge->dropTable('misc', true);
+        $this->forge->dropTable('team_members', true);
         $this->forge->dropTable('type_test', true);
         $this->forge->dropTable('empty', true);
         $this->forge->dropTable('secondary', true);
@@ -196,9 +198,25 @@ public function down(): void
         }
 
         if ($this->db->DBDriver === 'OCI8') {
-            $this->db->query('DROP PROCEDURE one');
-            $this->db->query('DROP PROCEDURE plus');
-            $this->db->query('DROP PACKAGE BODY calculator');
+            try {
+                $this->db->query('DROP PROCEDURE one');
+            } catch (Throwable) {
+            }
+
+            try {
+                $this->db->query('DROP PROCEDURE plus');
+            } catch (Throwable) {
+            }
+
+            try {
+                $this->db->query('DROP PACKAGE BODY calculator');
+            } catch (Throwable) {
+            }
+
+            try {
+                $this->db->query('DROP PACKAGE calculator');
+            } catch (Throwable) {
+            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/system/Database/BaseConnectionTest.php b/tests/system/Database/BaseConnectionTest.php
@@ -504,4 +504,18 @@ protected function getDriverFunctionPrefix(): string
 
         $this->assertTrue($db->callFunction('contains', 'CodeIgniter', 'Ignite'));
     }
+
+    public function testTableExistsIsCaseInsensitiveForCachedTables(): void
+    {
+        $db = new class ($this->options) extends MockConnection {
+            public function listTables(bool $constrainByPrefix = false): array
+            {
+                return ['test_USER', 'test_JOB'];
+            }
+        };
+
+        $this->assertTrue($db->tableExists('user', true));
+        $this->assertTrue($db->tableExists('USER', true));
+        $this->assertTrue($db->tableExists('test_user', true));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/system/Database/Live/ConnectTest.php b/tests/system/Database/Live/ConnectTest.php
@@ -57,19 +57,28 @@ protected function setUp(): void
         $this->group2['DBDriver'] = 'Postgre';
     }
 
+    protected function tearDown(): void
+    {
+        parent::tearDown();
+        $this->setPrivateProperty(Database::class, 'instances', []);
+    }
+
     public function testConnectWithMultipleCustomGroups(): void
     {
+        $this->group1['DBPrefix'] = uniqid('g1_', true);
+        $this->group2['DBPrefix'] = uniqid('g2_', true);
+
         // We should have our test database connection already.
-        $instances = $this->getPrivateProperty(Database::class, 'instances');
-        $this->assertCount(1, $instances);
+        $instances    = $this->getPrivateProperty(Database::class, 'instances');
+        $initialCount = count($instances);
 
         $db1 = Database::connect($this->group1);
         $db2 = Database::connect($this->group2);
 
         $this->assertNotSame($db1, $db2);
 
         $instances = $this->getPrivateProperty(Database::class, 'instances');
-        $this->assertCount(3, $instances);
+        $this->assertCount($initialCount + 2, $instances);
     }
 
     public function testConnectReturnsProvidedConnection(): void