GH-51273: [Ruby] Add FixedSizeListArray values constructor

[emecii]

Rationale for this change

GH-50382 requests explicit value constructors for all existing ArrowFormat::Type subclasses before the broader builder API is exposed. Fixed-size lists still require callers to manually construct the parent validity buffer and flattened child array.

This is the focused fixed-size-list prerequisite requested in the GH-50382 maintainer discussion. It is distinct from variable-size ListArray support in GH-51262.

What changes are included in this PR?

• Add ArrowFormat::FixedSizeListArray.new(type, values) while preserving the existing low-level four-argument constructor.
• Build the parent validity bitmap and the child array from nested Ruby values.
• Preserve exactly type.size child slots for null parent lists.
• Reject non-null lists whose size differs from the declared fixed size.
• Delegate child construction to the declared child field type.
• Add focused coverage for typed construction, parent and child nulls, invalid sizes, empty input, and the low-level constructor.

Are these changes tested?

Yes.

RUBYLIB=/opt/homebrew/lib/ruby/gems/4.0.0/gems/red-arrow-25.0.1/lib GI_TYPELIB_PATH=/opt/homebrew/lib/girepository-1.0 bundle exec ruby test/run.rb test-fixed-size-list-array.rb
# 6 tests, 12 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors

RUBYLIB=/opt/homebrew/lib/ruby/gems/4.0.0/gems/red-arrow-25.0.1/lib GI_TYPELIB_PATH=/opt/homebrew/lib/girepository-1.0 bundle exec rake test
# 696 tests, 705 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors

I also wrote an Arrow IPC file containing [[1, 2], nil, [3, nil]] with the new constructor and loaded it with the native Arrow reader; the values round-tripped unchanged.

The tests use the current red-arrow-format sources with the locally installed Arrow 25.0.1 native extension. Upstream CI remains authoritative for the matching main-branch native runtime.

Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes. ArrowFormat::FixedSizeListArray gains a two-argument values constructor. The existing low-level constructor remains supported.

AI assistance disclosure

OpenAI Codex assisted with issue research, implementation, test generation, validation commands, and drafting this pull request. The submitted behavior is supported by the focused regression, full package suite, and IPC round-trip results above.

• GitHub Issue: [Ruby] Add ArrowFormat::FixedSizeListArray.new(type, values) #51273

[kou]

+1

[kou]

We don't need this because this case is already tested in the reader tests.

Suggested change

	def test_low_level
	child = ArrowFormat::Int16Array.new([1, 2])
	array = ArrowFormat::FixedSizeListArray.new(@type, 1, nil, child)
	assert_equal([[1, 2]], array.to_a)
	end

[emecii]

Removed both redundant checks in 2e9f61c. The Ruby format suite passes: 700 tests, 714 assertions.

[kou]

This is redundant. assert_same(@type, array.type) covers this.

Suggested change

assert_same(@type.child.type, array.child.type)

[emecii]

The Windows MinGW job failed before compilation: MSYS2 downloads for clang, boost and ghostscript timed out (log). Could you rerun that job? GitHub rejected my retry with HTTP 403 (repository admin rights required).

[kou]

Re-run the job and the job passed.

I'll merge this.