[C++][Parquet] Remove code marked as deprecated except flight in versions 23.0.0 and earlier #50750

Describe the bug, including details regarding any error messages, version, and platform.

Remove code marked as deprecated except flight in versions 23.0.0 and earlier.

1. arrow::random::RandomArrayGenerator::Float16(..., uint16_t min, uint16_t max, ...) - deprecated in v22.0.0 (PR GH-46739: [C++] Fix Float16 signed zero/NaN equality comparisons #46973)

   • Replacement: the Float16() overload accepting util::Float16 bounds and nan_probability

2. parquet::arrow::FileReader::GetRecordBatchReader(..., out) overloads - deprecated in v21.0.0 (PR GH-46869: [C++][Parquet] Deprecate arrow::Status parquet::arrow::FileReadeder::GetRecordBatchReader() #46932)

   • Replacement: the arrow::Result<std::unique_ptr<arrow::RecordBatchReader>> overloads

3. parquet::ColumnEncryptionProperties::Builder(name/path) constructors - deprecated in v23.0.0 (PR GH-48337: [C++][Parquet] Improve column encryption API #48338)

   • Replacement: the default Builder() constructor

4. parquet::arrow::FileReader::Make(..., out) overloads - deprecated in v23.0.0 (PR GH-44810: [C++][Parquet] Add arrow::Result version of parquet::arrow::FileReader::Make() #48285)

   • Replacement: the arrow::Result<std::unique_ptr<FileReader>> overloads

Component(s)

C++, Parquet