[Python] Use C++ type traits for nested types in types.py

[danepitkin]

Describe the enhancement requested

types.py redefines type traits such as is_nested() that is already defined in type_traits.h/cc. Could we import and use the C++ type traits instead?

See https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/40265/files#r1505826814

Component(s)

Python

[github-actions]

This issue has been marked as stale because it has had no activity in the past 365 days. Please remove the stale label or comment below, or this issue will be closed in 14 days. If this improvement is still desired but has no current owner, please add the 'Status: needs champion' label.

[thisisnic]

This issue has been closed because there has been no activity for the 14 days since the stale warning. Feel free to reopen if this has been closed in error.

[AlenkaF]

Issue resolved by pull request 41709
#41709