fix(arrow): support zero-length fixed-size lists

[jakthom]

Rationale for this change

DataFusion can return FixedSizeList(0, Null) for an empty list. Arrow Go currently rejects the C data schema +w:0, and its fixed-size list constructors also panic for size zero. This prevents importing results such as:

select arrow_cast(a, 'FixedSizeList(0, Null)')
from values ([]), (NULL) t(a);

A zero-size list has no child values, but its parent array still has rows and a validity bitmap that distinguishes empty lists from null lists. This fixes the two failing cases in DataFusion's arrow_typeof.slt.

What changes are included in this PR?

• Accept zero in the three fixed-size list type constructors and in C data schema imports.
• Allow zero-size fixed-size list arrays to validate without dividing by zero. Negative sizes, invalid child schemas, and overflowing C schema sizes remain rejected.
• Add constructor, array, C data, and IPC regression tests covering empty and null rows, bulk appends, nonzero slice offsets, and checked-allocator cleanup with null, integer, and nested-list element types.

Are these changes tested?

Local verification on macOS ARM64 with Go 1.25.2:

• pre-commit run --all-files --show-diff-on-failure
• ci/scripts/build.sh "$PWD"
• ci/scripts/test.sh "$PWD" (race detector, assert,test, and noasm variants)
• go test -race -short -tags=assert,test ./internal/...

The datafusion-go SQLLogicTest corpus also passes 24,958/24,958 assertions across 365 executable SQL files on macOS when an isolated Go module file replaces Arrow Go with this checkout. That includes all 62 records in arrow_typeof.slt; the released Arrow Go dependency fails two of those records. This downstream run used DataFusion 55.0.0 and datafusion-go commit 8fbd0218b6c5f3d9d64ec798ae466f66725be325.

Are there any user-facing changes?

Zero-size fixed-size lists can now be constructed, validated, and imported through the C data interface. Existing constructor and import checks for negative sizes are preserved.

[zeroshade]

Zero-length fixed-size-list construction, validation, slicing, IPC, and C Data handling look consistent. Focused zero-size tests passed, including go test -p 2 -count=1 -tags test ./arrow/cdata -run TestZeroSizeFixedSizeListRoundTrip. The recorded Conda integration failure is the unrelated nocgo package selection issue fixed by apache/arrow#51287.