refactor(tusdt-cli): adopt btcli architecture patterns

[Benup211]

Replace scattered try/except/print_error blocks with centralized
CLIContext (run_read/submit choke points), shared Click option
decorators (globals.py), and structured Output rendering.

• Add errors.py (ErrorCode enum, TUSDTError, REMEDIATION)
• Add logs.py (RichHandler, --quiet/-v/-vv verbosity ladder)
• Add output.py (Output class, --json/--quiet support)
• Add globals.py (shared Click options, defined once)
• Add context.py (CLIContext: per-invocation state, uniform
  error handling, signer resolution, tx-result rendering)
• Add justfile (8 dev targets: sync, lint, fmt, typecheck,
  test, cov, check, build)
• Add 90 tests across 7 modules (pytest, CliRunner, mocks)
• Add connection retry (3 attempts, exponential backoff)
• Add env var config (TUSDT_RPC, TUSDT_NETWORK, etc.)
• Add shell completions (bash/zsh/fish via Click)
• Add py.typed marker, CI workflow, pre-commit config
• ContractError now inherits from TUSDTError
• Monkey-patch wrapped in explicit _apply_metadata_patch()
• All 7 command files refactored to CLIContext pattern
  (22% fewer lines, higher coverage)
• Fix 11 ty type-checker warnings → 0