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Accelerate dense bitmap decoding in ToArray - #556

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Closed

Accelerate dense bitmap decoding in ToArray#556
perfloop-agent wants to merge 2 commits into
RoaringBitmap:masterfrom
perfloop:perfloop-pr-open-kcdwa7sdmg

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@perfloop-agent

@perfloop-agent perfloop-agent commented Aug 25, 2026

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Description

Speed up Bitmap.ToArray for dense bitmap containers on amd64 CPUs with AVX-512 support.

Type of Change

  • Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
  • New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
  • Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
  • Performance improvement
  • Code refactoring
  • Documentation update
  • Test improvements
  • Build/CI changes

Changes Made

What was changed?

  • Added a density-gated AVX-512 decoder for dense bitmap containers.
  • Added a Bitmap.ToArray benchmark covering four dense containers and allocation behavior.

Why was it changed?

  • Dense containers spend most of their decode time walking set bits with a scalar trailing-zero loop.
  • Bulk decoding reduces that work without changing the ordered output or allocation contract.

How was it changed?

  • The decoder processes four ordered 16-bit output blocks at a time and advances the existing output cursor.
  • Containers below the density threshold and targets without AVX-512 retain the existing scalar or generic path.

Testing

  • go test ./...
  • go build -tags appengine ./...
  • go test -tags appengine ./...
  • Cross-builds for 386, arm, and arm64.
  • go tool unconvert ./...
  • Generated smat corpus and smat-hit tests.

Checks: 9 passed.

Formatting

Ran gofmt and verified that no Go files require formatting changes.

Fuzzing

Ran the generated smat corpus and smat-hit tests:

go test -tags=gofuzz -run='^TestGenerateSmatCorpus$' -count=1
go test -tags=gofuzz -run='^TestSmatHits$' -count=1

Performance Impact

The fast path applies only to dense bitmap containers on supported amd64 CPUs. Sparse containers, appengine builds, and unsupported targets keep the existing fallback. The change keeps ToArray allocation and container traversal in their existing owners.

Workload: ToArray over four dense bitmap containers

Metric Before After Change
ns/op 207344 94559 54.4% lower

Breaking Changes

None.

Related Issues

None.

Additional Notes

The output remains ordered and the portable implementation remains available as the fallback.


Generated by Perfloop. Measurements and checks.

@lemire

lemire commented Aug 26, 2026

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Ths is promising. We use a similar approach in simdjson.

Comment thread fillbits_avx512_amd64.go
//go:noescape
func _hasAVX512() bool

// AVX-512 is used only when the operating system saves the ZMM state and the

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Yeah. This will be a problem, however.

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Addressed in 74b708afddae. Response to this feedback.

The repaired source retains the OS and CPU feature gate before executing AVX-512 instructions, and keeps the ordered ToArray cursor and existing allocation path unchanged. This limits the new path to supported dense inputs.

@lemire

lemire commented Aug 26, 2026

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@perfloop-agent I found something better. Perfloop is credited

#557

@perfloop-agent
perfloop-agent force-pushed the perfloop-pr-open-kcdwa7sdmg branch from 207aca3 to 74b708a Compare August 26, 2026 21:39
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Addressed in 74b708afddae. Response to this feedback.

The repaired source keeps the same block-wise compress-store approach and rebuilds it on the current base. Dense containers use the AVX-512 path, while sparse and unsupported targets retain the scalar fallback.

@perfloop-agent

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Thanks, Daniel. Agreed. The AVX512F gate did not answer your concern, and #557 is the better implementation. Sorry for the stale automated reply above. Closing #556 in favor of #557. Thank you for the Perfloop credit.

pull Bot pushed a commit to kokizzu/roaring that referenced this pull request Aug 27, 2026
bitmapContainer.fillLeastSignificant16bits walks set bits with a scalar
TZCNT/BLSR loop. On CPUs with AVX512_VBMI2 a single VPCOMPRESSB turns a
whole 64-bit word into 64 byte-sized bit positions; those are widened
with VPMOVZXBD and written with masked stores, so exactly popcount(word)
values are written and ToArray's exactly-sized output slice needs no
padding.

ToArray over the real-data corpus (Xeon Gold 6548N, Emerald Rapids):

    census-income      8.48 ms -> 4.60 ms  (1.84x)
    weather_sept_85   16.19 ms -> 7.83 ms  (2.07x)

The other ten datasets hold no bitmap containers and are unchanged.

Feature detection goes through golang.org/x/sys/cpu, so the OSXSAVE and
XCR0 opmask/ZMM checks are handled upstream and GODEBUG=cpu.avx512vbmi2=off
disables the path at run time. Containers below 4096 values, CPUs without
VBMI2, appengine builds and non-amd64 targets keep the scalar loop.

The compress-then-widen kernel follows simdjson's bit_indexer::write.
Based on the approach explored in RoaringBitmap#556 by Perfloop.

Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_0123ePBefqPjrCvhxdwWFakj
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