Add Scottish funded early learning and childcare (#1008)

changelog.d/1008.md

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+- Add `scottish_funded_early_learning_childcare_eligible` and the supporting parameters under `gov/scottish_government/funded_early_learning_childcare/` (age min/max, annual hours) to model the universal age-based strand of Scotland's Funded Early Learning and Childcare — 1,140 hours per year for all 3- and 4-year-olds resident in Scotland, rolled out in full from August 2021. Wales's Childcare Offer, Northern Ireland's Pre-school Education Programme, and the eligible-two-year-old strand in Scotland remain to be added in follow-up work.

policyengine_uk/parameters/gov/scottish_government/funded_early_learning_childcare/age/max.yaml

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+description: The Scottish Government provides funded early learning and childcare to children younger than this age (i.e. up to and including the school start year).
+metadata:
+  unit: year
+  label: Funded early learning and childcare child's maximum age
+  reference:
+    - title: Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2014 - Section 49 (Persons to whom mandatory early learning and childcare is to be made available)
+      href: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/asp/2014/8/section/49
+values:
+  2021-08-01: 5

policyengine_uk/parameters/gov/scottish_government/funded_early_learning_childcare/age/min.yaml

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+description: The minimum age at which Scottish funded early learning and childcare can start, subject to the statutory term-start condition.
+metadata:
+  unit: year
+  label: Funded early learning and childcare child's minimum age
+  reference:
+    - title: Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2014 - Section 48 (Duty to secure early learning and childcare)
+      href: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/asp/2014/8/section/48
+    - title: "Scottish Government — Funded early learning and childcare: eligibility"
+      href: https://www.mygov.scot/childcare-costs-help/three-four-year-olds-and-eligible-two-year-olds
+    - title: "Scottish Government — Early learning and childcare statutory guidance: starting dates"
+      href: https://www.gov.scot/publications/early-learning-childcare-statutory-guidance-july-2021/pages/8/
+values:
+  2021-08-01: 3

policyengine_uk/parameters/gov/scottish_government/funded_early_learning_childcare/hours_per_year.yaml

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+description: Annual hours of funded early learning and childcare available to eligible children in Scotland. Scotland's expansion to 1,140 hours per year (equivalent to around 30 hours per week over 38 weeks of term time) was fully rolled out from August 2021.
+metadata:
+  unit: hour
+  label: Funded early learning and childcare annual hours
+  reference:
+    - title: "Scottish Government — Funded early learning and childcare"
+      href: https://www.gov.scot/policies/early-education-and-care/early-learning-and-childcare/
+    - title: "Education (Scotland) Act 1980 — Section 1 as amended by Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2014"
+      href: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1980/44/section/1
+values:
+  2014-08-01: 600
+  2021-08-01: 1140

policyengine_uk/tests/policy/baseline/gov/scottish_government/funded_early_learning_childcare.yaml

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+# Scottish funded early learning and childcare - universal age-based strand.
+# 1,140 hours/year for all 3- and 4-year-olds in Scotland from August 2021.
+
+- name: Scottish 3-year-old is eligible after the statutory start date
+  period: 2024
+  input:
+    people:
+      child:
+        age: 3
+        scottish_funded_early_learning_childcare_start_date_reached: true
+    benunits:
+      benunit:
+        members: [child]
+    households:
+      household:
+        members: [child]
+        region: SCOTLAND
+  output:
+    scottish_funded_early_learning_childcare_eligible: true
+
+- name: Scottish 3-year-old is not eligible before the statutory start date
+  period: 2024
+  input:
+    people:
+      child:
+        age: 3
+        scottish_funded_early_learning_childcare_start_date_reached: false
+    benunits:
+      benunit:
+        members: [child]
+    households:
+      household:
+        members: [child]
+        region: SCOTLAND
+  output:
+    scottish_funded_early_learning_childcare_eligible: false
+
+- name: Scottish 4-year-old is eligible
+  period: 2024
+  input:
+    people:
+      child:
+        age: 4
+    benunits:
+      benunit:
+        members: [child]
+    households:
+      household:
+        members: [child]
+        region: SCOTLAND
+  output:
+    scottish_funded_early_learning_childcare_eligible: true
+
+- name: English 3-year-old is not eligible for the Scottish programme
+  period: 2024
+  input:
+    people:
+      child:
+        age: 3
+    benunits:
+      benunit:
+        members: [child]
+    households:
+      household:
+        members: [child]
+        region: LONDON
+  output:
+    scottish_funded_early_learning_childcare_eligible: false
+
+- name: Scottish 2-year-old is not eligible under the universal strand
+  period: 2024
+  input:
+    people:
+      child:
+        age: 2
+    benunits:
+      benunit:
+        members: [child]
+    households:
+      household:
+        members: [child]
+        region: SCOTLAND
+  output:
+    scottish_funded_early_learning_childcare_eligible: false
+
+- name: Scottish 5-year-old is no longer eligible (has reached school age)
+  period: 2024
+  input:
+    people:
+      child:
+        age: 5
+    benunits:
+      benunit:
+        members: [child]
+    households:
+      household:
+        members: [child]
+        region: SCOTLAND
+  output:
+    scottish_funded_early_learning_childcare_eligible: false

policyengine_uk/variables/gov/scottish_government/funded_early_learning_childcare/scottish_funded_early_learning_childcare_eligible.py

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+from policyengine_uk.model_api import *
+
+
+class scottish_funded_early_learning_childcare_eligible(Variable):
+    value_type = bool
+    entity = Person
+    label = "eligible for Scottish funded early learning and childcare"
+    documentation = (
+        "Whether this person is eligible for the universal age-based strand of "
+        "Scotland's funded early learning and childcare (ELC) provision. Does "
+        "not yet model the eligible-two-year-old strand (vulnerable / low-income "
+        "children aged 2 also qualify under Part 2 of the 2014 Order). "
+        "Three-year-olds qualify only once they have reached the statutory "
+        "start date."
+    )
+    definition_period = YEAR
+    reference = [
+        "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/asp/2014/8/section/48",
+        "https://www.gov.scot/publications/early-learning-childcare-statutory-guidance-july-2021/pages/8/",
+    ]
+
+    def formula(person, period, parameters):
+        country = person.household("country", period)
+        countries = country.possible_values
+        in_scotland = country == countries.SCOTLAND
+
+        age = person("age", period)
+        p = parameters(period).gov.scottish_government.funded_early_learning_childcare
+        start_date_reached = person(
+            "scottish_funded_early_learning_childcare_start_date_reached",
+            period,
+        )
+        eligible_three_year_old = (
+            (age >= p.age.min) & (age < p.age.min + 1) & start_date_reached
+        )
+        eligible_older_child = (age >= p.age.min + 1) & (age < p.age.max)
+
+        return in_scotland & (eligible_three_year_old | eligible_older_child)

policyengine_uk/variables/gov/scottish_government/funded_early_learning_childcare/scottish_funded_early_learning_childcare_start_date_reached.py

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+from policyengine_uk.model_api import *
+
+
+class scottish_funded_early_learning_childcare_start_date_reached(Variable):
+    value_type = bool
+    entity = Person
+    label = "has reached the Scottish funded early learning and childcare start date"
+    documentation = (
+        "Whether this child has reached the statutory start date for Scottish "
+        "funded early learning and childcare. For 3-year-olds, entitlement "
+        "starts at the beginning of the first term after the child's 3rd "
+        "birthday. This is captured as an input because annual age alone does "
+        "not identify the relevant birthday and local term dates."
+    )
+    definition_period = YEAR
+    default_value = False
+    reference = "https://www.gov.scot/publications/early-learning-childcare-statutory-guidance-july-2021/pages/8/"