Bump Node to 24.19.0 and enforce npm >= 11.10.0 toolchain

[NicolasBonet]

Details

Prep for rolling out npm's min-release-age cooldown (https://github.com/Expensify/Expensify/issues/636594). That setting requires npm >= 11.10.0, so this bumps and enforces the toolchain first:

• .nvmrc: 24.11.0 -> 24.19.0
• package.json: add devEngines requiring node >= 24.19.0 / npm >= 11.10.0 (same block as expensify-common). Only applies to contributors, not consumers of the published package.
• lint.yml / typescript.yml: point setup-node at node-version-file: .nvmrc (previously runner default / hardcoded Node 18)

No .npmrc or min-release-age yet — that's a follow-up.

Related Issues

For https://github.com/Expensify/Expensify/issues/678052

Manual Tests

1. nvm use 24.19.0 && npm ci succeeds, npm run lint and npm run typecheck pass
2. nvm use 24.11.0 && npm ci fails with EBADDEVENGINES
3. Lint JavaScript and Typecheck CI jobs set up Node from .nvmrc

Linked PRs

N/A

[github-actions]

All contributors have signed the CLA ✍️ ✅
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[NicolasBonet]

I have read the CLA Document and I hereby sign the CLA

[os-botify]

🚀 Published to npm in 0.1.23 🎉