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<h1 class="main">V Types</h1>
<h2 id="primitive-types">Primitive types <a href="v-types.html#primitive-types" class="header-anchor" aria-hidden="true">#</a></h2>
<div class="language-v">bool
string
i8 i16 int i64 i128
u8 u16 u32 u64 u128
rune // represents a Unicode code point
f32 f64
isize, usize // platform-dependent, the size is how many bytes it takes to reference any location in memory
voidptr // this one is mostly used for [C interoperability](#v-and-c)
</div>
<blockquote class="tip">
<p>[!NOTE]
<code>int</code> is a platform-width signed integer: 64 bits on 64-bit targets and 32 bits on 32-bit
targets. Use <code>i32</code> or <code>i64</code> when you need a fixed width.
Integer literal casts to <code>int</code> are checked against the target platform's width.</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="128-bit-integers">128-bit integers <a href="v-types.html#128-bit-integers" class="header-anchor" aria-hidden="true">#</a></h2>
<p><code>i128</code> and <code>u128</code> hold 128 bits. The usual operators work on them: arithmetic,
bitwise, shifts, comparisons, and casts to and from the other numeric types.</p>
<div class="language-v">fn main() {
total := u128(1) << 100 // 2^100
assert total / u128(4) == u128(1) << 98
assert (u128(1) << 127) * u128(2) == u128(0) // wraps at 128 bits
assert i128(-8) >> 1 == i128(-4) // keeps the sign
assert i128(-8) >>> 1 == (u128(1) << 127) - u128(4)
}
</div>
<p>A shift by 128 or more gives <code>0</code>. The count is read at its own width, so a count
that does not fit in 64 bits shifts everything out rather than being taken for a
small one. <code>>></code> on a negative signed value is an arithmetic shift, so it gives
<code>-1</code> once the value is all ones, while <code>>>></code> reads the same bits as unsigned and
its result is a <code>u128</code>, whatever the sign of the operand.
Division or modulo by zero panics, as it does for the other integer types, and
overflow wraps.</p>
<p>The compiler does not require a 128-bit C type. Every operation becomes a call
to a small helper, and the helper has two implementations: the C compiler's own
<code>__int128</code> where it exists (gcc, clang), and one built from 64-bit limbs
everywhere else (tcc, MSVC, every 32-bit target), where a 128-bit value is a
struct. Both answer identically, down to the rounding of a cast to <code>f64</code>: the
whole 128-bit magnitude is rounded once, rather than each limb on its own. Pass
<code>-d v3_no_native_int128</code> to force the portable implementation on a compiler that
has the native type.</p>
<p>Managed arrays of wide integers and structs containing them retain 16-byte
element alignment on both 32-bit and 64-bit targets, including after growth or cloning.</p>
<p>Printing works through <code>str()</code>, so println and string interpolation show the
decimal value, including the minimum <code>i128</code> that has no positive counterpart.</p>
<p>A literal that needs more than 64 bits can be written directly and keeps its
exact value:</p>