From 3bb990e0a4ea33b6c8b08a6edf2121ef59c43ca0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hiroshi Ogawa <4232207+hi-ogawa@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 7 Aug 2026 15:18:29 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 01/10] test(rsc): cover mixed server and cache directives

Co-authored-by: OpenCode <noreply@opencode.ai>
---
 .../plugin-rsc/e2e/use-cache-callable.test.ts | 58 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../examples/use-cache-callable/README.md     |  2 +
 .../callable-cache-plugin.ts                  | 12 ++--
 .../use-cache-in-use-server/actions.ts        | 19 ++++++
 .../use-cache-in-use-server/client.tsx        | 33 +++++++++++
 .../use-cache-in-use-server/server.tsx        | 11 ++++
 .../features/use-cache-in-use-server/state.ts |  4 ++
 .../use-server-in-use-cache/actions.ts        | 14 +++++
 .../use-server-in-use-cache/client.tsx        | 34 +++++++++++
 .../features/use-server-in-use-cache/reset.ts | 10 ++++
 .../use-server-in-use-cache/server.tsx        | 11 ++++
 .../features/use-server-in-use-cache/state.ts |  4 ++
 .../examples/use-cache-callable/src/root.tsx  | 16 +++++
 13 files changed, 222 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server/actions.ts
 create mode 100644 packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server/client.tsx
 create mode 100644 packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server/server.tsx
 create mode 100644 packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server/state.ts
 create mode 100644 packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/actions.ts
 create mode 100644 packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/client.tsx
 create mode 100644 packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/reset.ts
 create mode 100644 packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/server.tsx
 create mode 100644 packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/state.ts

diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/e2e/use-cache-callable.test.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/e2e/use-cache-callable.test.ts
index 74f0457ce..1563e7c03 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/e2e/use-cache-callable.test.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/e2e/use-cache-callable.test.ts
@@ -368,6 +368,52 @@ function defineTests(f: Fixture) {
     await expect(result).toHaveText('arguments: 0')
   })
 
+  test('use cache in use server', async ({ page }) => {
+    using _errors = expectNoPageError(page)
+    await page.goto(f.url('/use-cache-in-use-server'))
+    await waitForHydration(page)
+
+    const example = page.getByTestId('use-cache-in-use-server')
+    const defaultExecutions = example.getByTestId('default-executions')
+    const overrideExecutions = example.getByTestId('override-executions')
+    await example.getByRole('button', { name: 'Reset' }).click()
+    await expect(defaultExecutions).toHaveText('0')
+    await expect(overrideExecutions).toHaveText('0')
+
+    // The file directive supplies ordinary server behavior by default.
+    await callAction(page, example, 'Call default action')
+    await callAction(page, example, 'Call default action')
+    await expect(defaultExecutions).toHaveText('2')
+
+    // The inline cache wrapper runs once for the same argument.
+    await callAction(page, example, 'Call override action')
+    await callAction(page, example, 'Call override action')
+    await expect(overrideExecutions).toHaveText('1')
+  })
+
+  test('use server in use cache', async ({ page }) => {
+    using _errors = expectNoPageError(page)
+    await page.goto(f.url('/use-server-in-use-cache'))
+    await waitForHydration(page)
+
+    const example = page.getByTestId('use-server-in-use-cache')
+    const defaultExecutions = example.getByTestId('default-executions')
+    const overrideExecutions = example.getByTestId('override-executions')
+    await example.getByRole('button', { name: 'Reset' }).click()
+    await expect(defaultExecutions).toHaveText('0')
+    await expect(overrideExecutions).toHaveText('0')
+
+    await callAction(page, example, 'Call default action')
+    await callAction(page, example, 'Call default action')
+    await expect(defaultExecutions).toHaveText('1')
+
+    // This characterizes the current transform order: the file-level cache
+    // wrapper is applied before the built-in transform sees "use server".
+    await callAction(page, example, 'Call override action')
+    await callAction(page, example, 'Call override action')
+    await expect(overrideExecutions).toHaveText('1')
+  })
+
   test('protected captures', async ({ page }) => {
     // verify captured value is encoded and thus doesn't appear in raw response
     const rscResponse = await page.request.get(
@@ -425,6 +471,18 @@ function defineTests(f: Fixture) {
   })
 }
 
+async function callAction(page: Page, example: Locator, name: string) {
+  const [response] = await Promise.all([
+    page.waitForResponse(
+      (response) =>
+        response.request().method() === 'POST' &&
+        response.url().includes('_.rsc'),
+    ),
+    example.getByRole('button', { name }).click(),
+  ])
+  expect(response.ok()).toBe(true)
+}
+
 async function submit(page: Page, form: Locator) {
   // `submissionCount` updates immediately on the client, while a cache hit leaves
   // the server-rendered execution count and result unchanged. Those assertions do
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/README.md b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/README.md
index f61a05947..53ce273a2 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/README.md
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/README.md
@@ -53,6 +53,8 @@ Arguments are serialized with React's `encodeReply()` so values supported by the
 | `/file-directive-from-client`       | A Client Component imports a cached export through its generated proxy.                               |
 | `/file-directive-extra-arguments`   | A zero-parameter module export excludes React-supplied caller arguments.                              |
 | `/inline-directive-extra-arguments` | A zero-parameter inline function uses transform metadata to exclude React-supplied caller arguments.  |
+| `/use-cache-in-use-server`          | An inline cached export overrides the default behavior of a `"use server"` module.                    |
+| `/use-server-in-use-cache`          | Characterizes the current handling of an inline server export in a `"use cache"` module.              |
 | `/protected-captures`               | Inline captures cross the client boundary encrypted while decoded values define cache identity.       |
 
 Each route displays submission and execution counts. Every form submission calls the server reference, while the function body runs only on a cache miss.
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/callable-cache-plugin.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/callable-cache-plugin.ts
index 5825c3a5a..464e048cf 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/callable-cache-plugin.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/callable-cache-plugin.ts
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ export function callableCachePlugin(): Plugin {
           name: string,
           options: CacheWrapperOptions,
         ) =>
-          `$$ReactServer.registerServerReference(` +
+          `$$CacheReactServer.registerServerReference(` +
           `$$cacheWrapper(${value}, ${JSON.stringify(options)}),` +
           `${JSON.stringify(reference.referenceKey)},` +
           `${JSON.stringify(name)})`
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ export function callableCachePlugin(): Plugin {
         })
         result.output.prepend(
           `import $$cacheWrapper, { encryptCacheCaptures as $$encryptCacheCaptures } from "/src/framework/use-cache-runtime";\n` +
-            `import * as $$ReactServer from "@vitejs/plugin-rsc/react/rsc/server";\n`,
+            `import * as $$CacheReactServer from "@vitejs/plugin-rsc/react/rsc/server";\n`,
         )
         return {
           code: result.output.toString(),
@@ -91,12 +91,12 @@ export function callableCachePlugin(): Plugin {
           meta.valueNode?.type !== 'ArrayExpression',
         rejectNonAsyncFunction: true,
         runtime: (name) =>
-          `$$ReactClient.createServerReference(` +
+          `$$CacheReactClient.createServerReference(` +
           `${JSON.stringify(reference.referenceKey + '#' + name)},` +
-          `$$ReactClient.callServer,` +
+          `$$CacheReactClient.callServer,` +
           `undefined,` +
           (this.environment.mode === 'dev'
-            ? `$$ReactClient.findSourceMapURL,`
+            ? `$$CacheReactClient.findSourceMapURL,`
             : `undefined,`) +
           `${JSON.stringify(name)})`,
       })
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ export function callableCachePlugin(): Plugin {
       const runtimeEnvironment =
         environmentName === 'client' ? 'browser' : 'ssr'
       result.output.prepend(
-        `import * as $$ReactClient from "@vitejs/plugin-rsc/react/${runtimeEnvironment}";\n`,
+        `import * as $$CacheReactClient from "@vitejs/plugin-rsc/react/${runtimeEnvironment}";\n`,
       )
       return {
         code: result.output.toString(),
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server/actions.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server/actions.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..311ccf487
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server/actions.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+'use server'
+
+import { resetCache } from '../../framework/use-cache-runtime'
+import { state } from './state'
+
+export async function defaultAction(_key: string) {
+  state.defaultExecutions++
+}
+
+export async function overrideAction(_key: string) {
+  'use cache'
+  state.overrideExecutions++
+}
+
+export async function resetAction() {
+  resetCache()
+  state.defaultExecutions = 0
+  state.overrideExecutions = 0
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server/client.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server/client.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d2ce893b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server/client.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+'use client'
+
+import { defaultAction, overrideAction, resetAction } from './actions'
+
+export function UseCacheInUseServerClient(props: {
+  defaultExecutions: number
+  overrideExecutions: number
+}) {
+  return (
+    <div data-testid="use-cache-in-use-server">
+      <form action={defaultAction.bind(null, 'same-key')}>
+        <button>Call default action</button>
+      </form>
+      <form action={overrideAction.bind(null, 'same-key')}>
+        <button>Call override action</button>
+      </form>
+      <p>
+        Default executions:{' '}
+        <output data-testid="default-executions">
+          {props.defaultExecutions}
+        </output>
+        <br />
+        Override executions:{' '}
+        <output data-testid="override-executions">
+          {props.overrideExecutions}
+        </output>
+      </p>
+      <form action={resetAction}>
+        <button>Reset</button>
+      </form>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server/server.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server/server.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b56584944
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server/server.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import { UseCacheInUseServerClient } from './client'
+import { state } from './state'
+
+export function UseCacheInUseServer() {
+  return (
+    <UseCacheInUseServerClient
+      defaultExecutions={state.defaultExecutions}
+      overrideExecutions={state.overrideExecutions}
+    />
+  )
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server/state.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server/state.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8cbac1600
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server/state.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+export const state = {
+  defaultExecutions: 0,
+  overrideExecutions: 0,
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/actions.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/actions.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..67028ecd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/actions.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+'use cache'
+
+import { state } from './state'
+
+// Variable exports stay assignable when the file-level cache wrapper runs
+// before the inline server transform.
+export const defaultAction = async (_key: string) => {
+  state.defaultExecutions++
+}
+
+export const overrideAction = async (_key: string) => {
+  'use server'
+  state.overrideExecutions++
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/client.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/client.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f8c4547ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/client.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+'use client'
+
+import { defaultAction, overrideAction } from './actions'
+import { resetAction } from './reset'
+
+export function UseServerInUseCacheClient(props: {
+  defaultExecutions: number
+  overrideExecutions: number
+}) {
+  return (
+    <div data-testid="use-server-in-use-cache">
+      <form action={defaultAction.bind(null, 'same-key')}>
+        <button>Call default action</button>
+      </form>
+      <form action={overrideAction.bind(null, 'same-key')}>
+        <button>Call override action</button>
+      </form>
+      <p>
+        Default executions:{' '}
+        <output data-testid="default-executions">
+          {props.defaultExecutions}
+        </output>
+        <br />
+        Override executions:{' '}
+        <output data-testid="override-executions">
+          {props.overrideExecutions}
+        </output>
+      </p>
+      <form action={resetAction}>
+        <button>Reset</button>
+      </form>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/reset.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/reset.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..16911e798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/reset.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+'use server'
+
+import { resetCache } from '../../framework/use-cache-runtime'
+import { state } from './state'
+
+export async function resetAction() {
+  resetCache()
+  state.defaultExecutions = 0
+  state.overrideExecutions = 0
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/server.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/server.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5b36f649c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/server.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import { UseServerInUseCacheClient } from './client'
+import { state } from './state'
+
+export function UseServerInUseCache() {
+  return (
+    <UseServerInUseCacheClient
+      defaultExecutions={state.defaultExecutions}
+      overrideExecutions={state.overrideExecutions}
+    />
+  )
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/state.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/state.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8cbac1600
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/state.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+export const state = {
+  defaultExecutions: 0,
+  overrideExecutions: 0,
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/root.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/root.tsx
index 2e1aa3c76..04d75eed4 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/root.tsx
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/root.tsx
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import { FileDirectiveFromServer } from './features/file-directive-from-server/s
 import { InlineDirectiveExtraArgumentsServer } from './features/inline-directive-extra-arguments/server'
 import { InlineDirective } from './features/inline-directive/server'
 import { ProtectedCaptures } from './features/protected-captures/server'
+import { UseCacheInUseServer } from './features/use-cache-in-use-server/server'
+import { UseServerInUseCache } from './features/use-server-in-use-cache/server'
 
 const routes = [
   {
@@ -41,6 +43,20 @@ const routes = [
       'A zero-parameter inline cached function ignores FormData supplied by React.',
     Component: InlineDirectiveExtraArgumentsServer,
   },
+  {
+    path: '/use-cache-in-use-server',
+    title: 'Use cache in use server',
+    description:
+      'An inline cached export overrides the default behavior of a server function module.',
+    Component: UseCacheInUseServer,
+  },
+  {
+    path: '/use-server-in-use-cache',
+    title: 'Use server in use cache',
+    description:
+      'An inline server export currently retains the default behavior of a cached function module.',
+    Component: UseServerInUseCache,
+  },
   {
     path: '/protected-captures',
     title: 'Protected captures',

From 85dd899f316ac0b9b184cb28e053022592ab95da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hiroshi Ogawa <4232207+hi-ogawa@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 7 Aug 2026 15:28:17 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 02/10] test(rsc): cover mixed directive reachability

Co-authored-by: OpenCode <noreply@opencode.ai>
---
 .../plugin-rsc/e2e/use-cache-callable.test.ts | 102 ++++++++++--------
 .../examples/use-cache-callable/README.md     |  22 ++--
 .../actions.ts                                |   0
 .../client.tsx                                |   4 +-
 .../server.tsx                                |   6 +-
 .../state.ts                                  |   0
 .../actions.ts                                |  19 ++++
 .../client.tsx                                |  36 +++++++
 .../server.tsx                                |  15 +++
 .../state.ts                                  |   0
 .../actions.ts                                |   0
 .../client.tsx                                |   4 +-
 .../reset.ts                                  |   0
 .../server.tsx                                |   6 +-
 .../state.ts                                  |   4 +
 .../actions.ts                                |  14 +++
 .../client.tsx                                |  36 +++++++
 .../reset.ts                                  |  10 ++
 .../server.tsx                                |  16 +++
 .../state.ts                                  |   4 +
 .../examples/use-cache-callable/src/root.tsx  |  36 +++++--
 21 files changed, 260 insertions(+), 74 deletions(-)
 rename packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/{use-cache-in-use-server => use-cache-in-use-server-from-client}/actions.ts (100%)
 rename packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/{use-cache-in-use-server => use-cache-in-use-server-from-client}/client.tsx (87%)
 rename packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/{use-cache-in-use-server => use-cache-in-use-server-from-client}/server.tsx (51%)
 rename packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/{use-cache-in-use-server => use-cache-in-use-server-from-client}/state.ts (100%)
 create mode 100644 packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/actions.ts
 create mode 100644 packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/client.tsx
 create mode 100644 packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/server.tsx
 rename packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/{use-server-in-use-cache => use-cache-in-use-server-from-server}/state.ts (100%)
 rename packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/{use-server-in-use-cache => use-server-in-use-cache-from-client}/actions.ts (100%)
 rename packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/{use-server-in-use-cache => use-server-in-use-cache-from-client}/client.tsx (87%)
 rename packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/{use-server-in-use-cache => use-server-in-use-cache-from-client}/reset.ts (100%)
 rename packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/{use-server-in-use-cache => use-server-in-use-cache-from-client}/server.tsx (51%)
 create mode 100644 packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/state.ts
 create mode 100644 packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/actions.ts
 create mode 100644 packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/client.tsx
 create mode 100644 packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/reset.ts
 create mode 100644 packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/server.tsx
 create mode 100644 packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/state.ts

diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/e2e/use-cache-callable.test.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/e2e/use-cache-callable.test.ts
index 1563e7c03..dd5c12d28 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/e2e/use-cache-callable.test.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/e2e/use-cache-callable.test.ts
@@ -368,50 +368,64 @@ function defineTests(f: Fixture) {
     await expect(result).toHaveText('arguments: 0')
   })
 
-  test('use cache in use server', async ({ page }) => {
-    using _errors = expectNoPageError(page)
-    await page.goto(f.url('/use-cache-in-use-server'))
-    await waitForHydration(page)
-
-    const example = page.getByTestId('use-cache-in-use-server')
-    const defaultExecutions = example.getByTestId('default-executions')
-    const overrideExecutions = example.getByTestId('override-executions')
-    await example.getByRole('button', { name: 'Reset' }).click()
-    await expect(defaultExecutions).toHaveText('0')
-    await expect(overrideExecutions).toHaveText('0')
-
-    // The file directive supplies ordinary server behavior by default.
-    await callAction(page, example, 'Call default action')
-    await callAction(page, example, 'Call default action')
-    await expect(defaultExecutions).toHaveText('2')
-
-    // The inline cache wrapper runs once for the same argument.
-    await callAction(page, example, 'Call override action')
-    await callAction(page, example, 'Call override action')
-    await expect(overrideExecutions).toHaveText('1')
-  })
-
-  test('use server in use cache', async ({ page }) => {
-    using _errors = expectNoPageError(page)
-    await page.goto(f.url('/use-server-in-use-cache'))
-    await waitForHydration(page)
-
-    const example = page.getByTestId('use-server-in-use-cache')
-    const defaultExecutions = example.getByTestId('default-executions')
-    const overrideExecutions = example.getByTestId('override-executions')
-    await example.getByRole('button', { name: 'Reset' }).click()
-    await expect(defaultExecutions).toHaveText('0')
-    await expect(overrideExecutions).toHaveText('0')
-
-    await callAction(page, example, 'Call default action')
-    await callAction(page, example, 'Call default action')
-    await expect(defaultExecutions).toHaveText('1')
-
-    // This characterizes the current transform order: the file-level cache
-    // wrapper is applied before the built-in transform sees "use server".
-    await callAction(page, example, 'Call override action')
-    await callAction(page, example, 'Call override action')
-    await expect(overrideExecutions).toHaveText('1')
+  for (const testCase of [
+    {
+      route: 'use-cache-in-use-server-from-client',
+      defaultExecutions: 2,
+      overrideExecutions: 1,
+    },
+    {
+      route: 'use-server-in-use-cache-from-client',
+      defaultExecutions: 1,
+      overrideExecutions: 1,
+    },
+    {
+      route: 'use-server-in-use-cache-from-server',
+      defaultExecutions: 1,
+      overrideExecutions: 1,
+    },
+  ]) {
+    test(testCase.route.replaceAll('-', ' '), async ({ page }) => {
+      using _errors = expectNoPageError(page)
+      await page.goto(f.url('/' + testCase.route))
+      await waitForHydration(page)
+
+      const example = page.getByTestId(testCase.route)
+      const defaultExecutions = example.getByTestId('default-executions')
+      const overrideExecutions = example.getByTestId('override-executions')
+      await example.getByRole('button', { name: 'Reset' }).click()
+      await expect(defaultExecutions).toHaveText('0')
+      await expect(overrideExecutions).toHaveText('0')
+
+      await callAction(page, example, 'Call default action')
+      await callAction(page, example, 'Call default action')
+      await expect(defaultExecutions).toHaveText(
+        String(testCase.defaultExecutions),
+      )
+
+      // "use server" inside a cached module currently retains the file-level
+      // cache wrapper, while "use cache" inside a server module overrides it.
+      await callAction(page, example, 'Call override action')
+      await callAction(page, example, 'Call override action')
+      await expect(overrideExecutions).toHaveText(
+        String(testCase.overrideExecutions),
+      )
+    })
+  }
+
+  test('use cache in use server from server', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto(f.url('/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server'))
+
+    // The source-facing exports currently reach Flight without server reference
+    // registration when this mixed module stays out of the client graph.
+    await expect(page.getByText('Caught an unexpected error')).toBeVisible()
+    if (f.mode === 'dev') {
+      await expect(
+        page.getByText(
+          /Functions cannot be passed directly to Client Components/,
+        ),
+      ).toBeVisible()
+    }
   })
 
   test('protected captures', async ({ page }) => {
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/README.md b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/README.md
index 53ce273a2..2779bb9ba 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/README.md
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/README.md
@@ -46,16 +46,18 @@ Arguments are serialized with React's `encodeReply()` so values supported by the
 
 ## Examples
 
-| Route                               | Demonstrates                                                                                          |
-| ----------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| `/inline-directive`                 | An inline cached function captures a Server Component value and is passed to a Client Component form. |
-| `/file-directive-from-server`       | A module-level cached export is imported on the server and passed to a Client Component.              |
-| `/file-directive-from-client`       | A Client Component imports a cached export through its generated proxy.                               |
-| `/file-directive-extra-arguments`   | A zero-parameter module export excludes React-supplied caller arguments.                              |
-| `/inline-directive-extra-arguments` | A zero-parameter inline function uses transform metadata to exclude React-supplied caller arguments.  |
-| `/use-cache-in-use-server`          | An inline cached export overrides the default behavior of a `"use server"` module.                    |
-| `/use-server-in-use-cache`          | Characterizes the current handling of an inline server export in a `"use cache"` module.              |
-| `/protected-captures`               | Inline captures cross the client boundary encrypted while decoded values define cache identity.       |
+| Route                                  | Demonstrates                                                                                          |
+| -------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `/inline-directive`                    | An inline cached function captures a Server Component value and is passed to a Client Component form. |
+| `/file-directive-from-server`          | A module-level cached export is imported on the server and passed to a Client Component.              |
+| `/file-directive-from-client`          | A Client Component imports a cached export through its generated proxy.                               |
+| `/file-directive-extra-arguments`      | A zero-parameter module export excludes React-supplied caller arguments.                              |
+| `/inline-directive-extra-arguments`    | A zero-parameter inline function uses transform metadata to exclude React-supplied caller arguments.  |
+| `/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client` | A Client Component imports an inline cached export from a `"use server"` module.                      |
+| `/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server` | Characterizes the current serialization error for server-passed exports from the mixed module.        |
+| `/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client` | A Client Component imports an inline server export from a `"use cache"` module.                       |
+| `/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server` | A Server Component passes an inline server export from a `"use cache"` module.                        |
+| `/protected-captures`                  | Inline captures cross the client boundary encrypted while decoded values define cache identity.       |
 
 Each route displays submission and execution counts. Every form submission calls the server reference, while the function body runs only on a cache miss.
 
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server/actions.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/actions.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server/actions.ts
rename to packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/actions.ts
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server/client.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/client.tsx
similarity index 87%
rename from packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server/client.tsx
rename to packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/client.tsx
index d2ce893b3..3d36241d0 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server/client.tsx
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/client.tsx
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 
 import { defaultAction, overrideAction, resetAction } from './actions'
 
-export function UseCacheInUseServerClient(props: {
+export function UseCacheInUseServerFromClient(props: {
   defaultExecutions: number
   overrideExecutions: number
 }) {
   return (
-    <div data-testid="use-cache-in-use-server">
+    <div data-testid="use-cache-in-use-server-from-client">
       <form action={defaultAction.bind(null, 'same-key')}>
         <button>Call default action</button>
       </form>
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server/server.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/server.tsx
similarity index 51%
rename from packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server/server.tsx
rename to packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/server.tsx
index b56584944..6ca011847 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server/server.tsx
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/server.tsx
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-import { UseCacheInUseServerClient } from './client'
+import { UseCacheInUseServerFromClient } from './client'
 import { state } from './state'
 
-export function UseCacheInUseServer() {
+export function UseCacheInUseServerFromClientServer() {
   return (
-    <UseCacheInUseServerClient
+    <UseCacheInUseServerFromClient
       defaultExecutions={state.defaultExecutions}
       overrideExecutions={state.overrideExecutions}
     />
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server/state.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/state.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server/state.ts
rename to packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/state.ts
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/actions.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/actions.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..311ccf487
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/actions.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+'use server'
+
+import { resetCache } from '../../framework/use-cache-runtime'
+import { state } from './state'
+
+export async function defaultAction(_key: string) {
+  state.defaultExecutions++
+}
+
+export async function overrideAction(_key: string) {
+  'use cache'
+  state.overrideExecutions++
+}
+
+export async function resetAction() {
+  resetCache()
+  state.defaultExecutions = 0
+  state.overrideExecutions = 0
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/client.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/client.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a7ce68968
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/client.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+'use client'
+
+type Action = (key: string) => Promise<void>
+
+export function UseCacheInUseServerFromServer(props: {
+  defaultAction: Action
+  defaultExecutions: number
+  overrideAction: Action
+  overrideExecutions: number
+  resetAction: () => Promise<void>
+}) {
+  return (
+    <div data-testid="use-cache-in-use-server-from-server">
+      <form action={props.defaultAction.bind(null, 'same-key')}>
+        <button>Call default action</button>
+      </form>
+      <form action={props.overrideAction.bind(null, 'same-key')}>
+        <button>Call override action</button>
+      </form>
+      <p>
+        Default executions:{' '}
+        <output data-testid="default-executions">
+          {props.defaultExecutions}
+        </output>
+        <br />
+        Override executions:{' '}
+        <output data-testid="override-executions">
+          {props.overrideExecutions}
+        </output>
+      </p>
+      <form action={props.resetAction}>
+        <button>Reset</button>
+      </form>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/server.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/server.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..64cfb1a8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/server.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import { defaultAction, overrideAction, resetAction } from './actions'
+import { UseCacheInUseServerFromServer } from './client'
+import { state } from './state'
+
+export function UseCacheInUseServerFromServerServer() {
+  return (
+    <UseCacheInUseServerFromServer
+      defaultAction={defaultAction}
+      defaultExecutions={state.defaultExecutions}
+      overrideAction={overrideAction}
+      overrideExecutions={state.overrideExecutions}
+      resetAction={resetAction}
+    />
+  )
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/state.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/state.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/state.ts
rename to packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/state.ts
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/actions.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/actions.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/actions.ts
rename to packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/actions.ts
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/client.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/client.tsx
similarity index 87%
rename from packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/client.tsx
rename to packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/client.tsx
index f8c4547ba..8c6107c29 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/client.tsx
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/client.tsx
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@
 import { defaultAction, overrideAction } from './actions'
 import { resetAction } from './reset'
 
-export function UseServerInUseCacheClient(props: {
+export function UseServerInUseCacheFromClient(props: {
   defaultExecutions: number
   overrideExecutions: number
 }) {
   return (
-    <div data-testid="use-server-in-use-cache">
+    <div data-testid="use-server-in-use-cache-from-client">
       <form action={defaultAction.bind(null, 'same-key')}>
         <button>Call default action</button>
       </form>
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/reset.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/reset.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/reset.ts
rename to packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/reset.ts
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/server.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/server.tsx
similarity index 51%
rename from packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/server.tsx
rename to packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/server.tsx
index 5b36f649c..c3dced99d 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache/server.tsx
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/server.tsx
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-import { UseServerInUseCacheClient } from './client'
+import { UseServerInUseCacheFromClient } from './client'
 import { state } from './state'
 
-export function UseServerInUseCache() {
+export function UseServerInUseCacheFromClientServer() {
   return (
-    <UseServerInUseCacheClient
+    <UseServerInUseCacheFromClient
       defaultExecutions={state.defaultExecutions}
       overrideExecutions={state.overrideExecutions}
     />
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/state.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/state.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8cbac1600
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/state.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+export const state = {
+  defaultExecutions: 0,
+  overrideExecutions: 0,
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/actions.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/actions.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..67028ecd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/actions.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+'use cache'
+
+import { state } from './state'
+
+// Variable exports stay assignable when the file-level cache wrapper runs
+// before the inline server transform.
+export const defaultAction = async (_key: string) => {
+  state.defaultExecutions++
+}
+
+export const overrideAction = async (_key: string) => {
+  'use server'
+  state.overrideExecutions++
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/client.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/client.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c1ed50d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/client.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+'use client'
+
+type Action = (key: string) => Promise<void>
+
+export function UseServerInUseCacheFromServer(props: {
+  defaultAction: Action
+  defaultExecutions: number
+  overrideAction: Action
+  overrideExecutions: number
+  resetAction: () => Promise<void>
+}) {
+  return (
+    <div data-testid="use-server-in-use-cache-from-server">
+      <form action={props.defaultAction.bind(null, 'same-key')}>
+        <button>Call default action</button>
+      </form>
+      <form action={props.overrideAction.bind(null, 'same-key')}>
+        <button>Call override action</button>
+      </form>
+      <p>
+        Default executions:{' '}
+        <output data-testid="default-executions">
+          {props.defaultExecutions}
+        </output>
+        <br />
+        Override executions:{' '}
+        <output data-testid="override-executions">
+          {props.overrideExecutions}
+        </output>
+      </p>
+      <form action={props.resetAction}>
+        <button>Reset</button>
+      </form>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/reset.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/reset.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..16911e798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/reset.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+'use server'
+
+import { resetCache } from '../../framework/use-cache-runtime'
+import { state } from './state'
+
+export async function resetAction() {
+  resetCache()
+  state.defaultExecutions = 0
+  state.overrideExecutions = 0
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/server.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/server.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b5aa8011e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/server.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import { defaultAction, overrideAction } from './actions'
+import { UseServerInUseCacheFromServer } from './client'
+import { resetAction } from './reset'
+import { state } from './state'
+
+export function UseServerInUseCacheFromServerServer() {
+  return (
+    <UseServerInUseCacheFromServer
+      defaultAction={defaultAction}
+      defaultExecutions={state.defaultExecutions}
+      overrideAction={overrideAction}
+      overrideExecutions={state.overrideExecutions}
+      resetAction={resetAction}
+    />
+  )
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/state.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/state.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8cbac1600
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/state.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+export const state = {
+  defaultExecutions: 0,
+  overrideExecutions: 0,
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/root.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/root.tsx
index 04d75eed4..69d879389 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/root.tsx
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/root.tsx
@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ import { FileDirectiveFromServer } from './features/file-directive-from-server/s
 import { InlineDirectiveExtraArgumentsServer } from './features/inline-directive-extra-arguments/server'
 import { InlineDirective } from './features/inline-directive/server'
 import { ProtectedCaptures } from './features/protected-captures/server'
-import { UseCacheInUseServer } from './features/use-cache-in-use-server/server'
-import { UseServerInUseCache } from './features/use-server-in-use-cache/server'
+import { UseCacheInUseServerFromClientServer } from './features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/server'
+import { UseCacheInUseServerFromServerServer } from './features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/server'
+import { UseServerInUseCacheFromClientServer } from './features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/server'
+import { UseServerInUseCacheFromServerServer } from './features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/server'
 
 const routes = [
   {
@@ -44,18 +46,32 @@ const routes = [
     Component: InlineDirectiveExtraArgumentsServer,
   },
   {
-    path: '/use-cache-in-use-server',
-    title: 'Use cache in use server',
+    path: '/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client',
+    title: 'Use cache in use server from client',
     description:
-      'An inline cached export overrides the default behavior of a server function module.',
-    Component: UseCacheInUseServer,
+      'A Client Component imports an inline cached export from a server function module.',
+    Component: UseCacheInUseServerFromClientServer,
   },
   {
-    path: '/use-server-in-use-cache',
-    title: 'Use server in use cache',
+    path: '/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server',
+    title: 'Use cache in use server from server',
     description:
-      'An inline server export currently retains the default behavior of a cached function module.',
-    Component: UseServerInUseCache,
+      'A Server Component passes exports from the mixed module, currently exposing missing server reference registration.',
+    Component: UseCacheInUseServerFromServerServer,
+  },
+  {
+    path: '/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client',
+    title: 'Use server in use cache from client',
+    description:
+      'A Client Component imports an inline server export from a cached function module.',
+    Component: UseServerInUseCacheFromClientServer,
+  },
+  {
+    path: '/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server',
+    title: 'Use server in use cache from server',
+    description:
+      'A Server Component passes an inline server export from a cached function module to a Client Component.',
+    Component: UseServerInUseCacheFromServerServer,
   },
   {
     path: '/protected-captures',

From 9c00c7b876affc0f8752784c9096bdc9df604b5d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hiroshi Ogawa <4232207+hi-ogawa@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 7 Aug 2026 15:31:33 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 03/10] test(rsc): exclude server overrides from cache wrapping

Co-authored-by: OpenCode <noreply@opencode.ai>
---
 .../plugin-rsc/e2e/use-cache-callable.test.ts |  7 +++---
 .../examples/use-cache-callable/README.md     |  4 ++--
 .../callable-cache-plugin.ts                  | 22 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../examples/use-cache-callable/src/root.tsx  |  4 ++--
 4 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/e2e/use-cache-callable.test.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/e2e/use-cache-callable.test.ts
index dd5c12d28..a49861a10 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/e2e/use-cache-callable.test.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/e2e/use-cache-callable.test.ts
@@ -377,12 +377,12 @@ function defineTests(f: Fixture) {
     {
       route: 'use-server-in-use-cache-from-client',
       defaultExecutions: 1,
-      overrideExecutions: 1,
+      overrideExecutions: 2,
     },
     {
       route: 'use-server-in-use-cache-from-server',
       defaultExecutions: 1,
-      overrideExecutions: 1,
+      overrideExecutions: 2,
     },
   ]) {
     test(testCase.route.replaceAll('-', ' '), async ({ page }) => {
@@ -403,8 +403,7 @@ function defineTests(f: Fixture) {
         String(testCase.defaultExecutions),
       )
 
-      // "use server" inside a cached module currently retains the file-level
-      // cache wrapper, while "use cache" inside a server module overrides it.
+      // An inline directive overrides the behavior inherited from the file.
       await callAction(page, example, 'Call override action')
       await callAction(page, example, 'Call override action')
       await expect(overrideExecutions).toHaveText(
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/README.md b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/README.md
index 2779bb9ba..65d2752a5 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/README.md
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/README.md
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ Arguments are serialized with React's `encodeReply()` so values supported by the
 | `/inline-directive-extra-arguments`    | A zero-parameter inline function uses transform metadata to exclude React-supplied caller arguments.  |
 | `/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client` | A Client Component imports an inline cached export from a `"use server"` module.                      |
 | `/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server` | Characterizes the current serialization error for server-passed exports from the mixed module.        |
-| `/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client` | A Client Component imports an inline server export from a `"use cache"` module.                       |
-| `/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server` | A Server Component passes an inline server export from a `"use cache"` module.                        |
+| `/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client` | A Client Component imports an uncached inline server export from a `"use cache"` module.              |
+| `/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server` | A Server Component passes an uncached inline server export from a `"use cache"` module.               |
 | `/protected-captures`                  | Inline captures cross the client boundary encrypted while decoded values define cache identity.       |
 
 Each route displays submission and execution counts. Every form submission calls the server reference, while the function body runs only on a cache miss.
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/callable-cache-plugin.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/callable-cache-plugin.ts
index 464e048cf..73ac8c270 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/callable-cache-plugin.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/callable-cache-plugin.ts
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ export function callableCachePlugin(): Plugin {
               // and viewport exports.
               // https://github.com/vercel/next.js/blob/aae4179ac628e55483b62cd023a7e1827dcef122/crates/next-custom-transforms/src/transforms/server_actions.rs#L1914-L1919
               filter: (_name, meta) =>
+                !hasFunctionDirective(meta, 'use server') &&
                 meta.valueNode?.type !== 'ObjectExpression' &&
                 meta.valueNode?.type !== 'ArrayExpression',
               rejectNonAsyncFunction: true,
@@ -122,6 +123,27 @@ export function callableCachePlugin(): Plugin {
   }
 }
 
+function hasFunctionDirective(
+  meta: Pick<ModuleExportMeta, 'valueNode'>,
+  directive: string,
+): boolean {
+  const node = meta.valueNode
+  if (
+    (node?.type !== 'FunctionDeclaration' &&
+      node?.type !== 'FunctionExpression' &&
+      node?.type !== 'ArrowFunctionExpression') ||
+    node.body.type !== 'BlockStatement'
+  ) {
+    return false
+  }
+  return node.body.body.some(
+    (statement) =>
+      statement.type === 'ExpressionStatement' &&
+      'directive' in statement &&
+      statement.directive === directive,
+  )
+}
+
 function getCacheWrapperOptions(
   meta: Pick<ModuleExportMeta, 'valueNode'>,
 ): CacheWrapperOptions {
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/root.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/root.tsx
index 69d879389..4c3c74650 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/root.tsx
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/root.tsx
@@ -63,14 +63,14 @@ const routes = [
     path: '/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client',
     title: 'Use server in use cache from client',
     description:
-      'A Client Component imports an inline server export from a cached function module.',
+      'A Client Component imports an uncached inline server export from a cached function module.',
     Component: UseServerInUseCacheFromClientServer,
   },
   {
     path: '/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server',
     title: 'Use server in use cache from server',
     description:
-      'A Server Component passes an inline server export from a cached function module to a Client Component.',
+      'A Server Component passes an uncached inline server export from a cached function module to a Client Component.',
     Component: UseServerInUseCacheFromServerServer,
   },
   {

From c705a17522875fb0ff59606ea9b2d195b0d540c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hiroshi Ogawa <4232207+hi-ogawa@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 7 Aug 2026 15:35:52 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 04/10] test(rsc): isolate mixed directive actions

Co-authored-by: OpenCode <noreply@opencode.ai>
---
 .../use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/actions.ts     |  7 -------
 .../use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/client.tsx     |  3 ++-
 .../use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/reset.ts       | 10 ++++++++++
 .../use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/actions.ts     |  7 -------
 .../use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/reset.ts       | 10 ++++++++++
 .../use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/server.tsx     |  3 ++-
 6 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/reset.ts
 create mode 100644 packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/reset.ts

diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/actions.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/actions.ts
index 311ccf487..5338933ac 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/actions.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/actions.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 'use server'
 
-import { resetCache } from '../../framework/use-cache-runtime'
 import { state } from './state'
 
 export async function defaultAction(_key: string) {
@@ -11,9 +10,3 @@ export async function overrideAction(_key: string) {
   'use cache'
   state.overrideExecutions++
 }
-
-export async function resetAction() {
-  resetCache()
-  state.defaultExecutions = 0
-  state.overrideExecutions = 0
-}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/client.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/client.tsx
index 3d36241d0..7b402cb01 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/client.tsx
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/client.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 'use client'
 
-import { defaultAction, overrideAction, resetAction } from './actions'
+import { defaultAction, overrideAction } from './actions'
+import { resetAction } from './reset'
 
 export function UseCacheInUseServerFromClient(props: {
   defaultExecutions: number
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/reset.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/reset.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..16911e798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/reset.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+'use server'
+
+import { resetCache } from '../../framework/use-cache-runtime'
+import { state } from './state'
+
+export async function resetAction() {
+  resetCache()
+  state.defaultExecutions = 0
+  state.overrideExecutions = 0
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/actions.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/actions.ts
index 311ccf487..5338933ac 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/actions.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/actions.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 'use server'
 
-import { resetCache } from '../../framework/use-cache-runtime'
 import { state } from './state'
 
 export async function defaultAction(_key: string) {
@@ -11,9 +10,3 @@ export async function overrideAction(_key: string) {
   'use cache'
   state.overrideExecutions++
 }
-
-export async function resetAction() {
-  resetCache()
-  state.defaultExecutions = 0
-  state.overrideExecutions = 0
-}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/reset.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/reset.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..16911e798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/reset.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+'use server'
+
+import { resetCache } from '../../framework/use-cache-runtime'
+import { state } from './state'
+
+export async function resetAction() {
+  resetCache()
+  state.defaultExecutions = 0
+  state.overrideExecutions = 0
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/server.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/server.tsx
index 64cfb1a8e..d72130552 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/server.tsx
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/server.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-import { defaultAction, overrideAction, resetAction } from './actions'
+import { defaultAction, overrideAction } from './actions'
 import { UseCacheInUseServerFromServer } from './client'
+import { resetAction } from './reset'
 import { state } from './state'
 
 export function UseCacheInUseServerFromServerServer() {

From ebc7982f3d18c58c80acea4d57bb74da182fd80a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hiroshi Ogawa <4232207+hi-ogawa@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 7 Aug 2026 15:44:26 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 05/10] feat(rsc): compose cache and server reference claims

Co-authored-by: OpenCode <noreply@opencode.ai>
---
 .../plugin-rsc/e2e/use-cache-callable.test.ts | 20 +++++--------------
 .../examples/use-cache-callable/README.md     |  2 +-
 .../callable-cache-plugin.ts                  |  5 ++++-
 .../examples/use-cache-callable/src/root.tsx  |  2 +-
 .../src/plugins/server-reference.ts           | 11 +++++-----
 5 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/e2e/use-cache-callable.test.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/e2e/use-cache-callable.test.ts
index a49861a10..936bf609a 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/e2e/use-cache-callable.test.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/e2e/use-cache-callable.test.ts
@@ -374,6 +374,11 @@ function defineTests(f: Fixture) {
       defaultExecutions: 2,
       overrideExecutions: 1,
     },
+    {
+      route: 'use-cache-in-use-server-from-server',
+      defaultExecutions: 2,
+      overrideExecutions: 1,
+    },
     {
       route: 'use-server-in-use-cache-from-client',
       defaultExecutions: 1,
@@ -412,21 +417,6 @@ function defineTests(f: Fixture) {
     })
   }
 
-  test('use cache in use server from server', async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto(f.url('/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server'))
-
-    // The source-facing exports currently reach Flight without server reference
-    // registration when this mixed module stays out of the client graph.
-    await expect(page.getByText('Caught an unexpected error')).toBeVisible()
-    if (f.mode === 'dev') {
-      await expect(
-        page.getByText(
-          /Functions cannot be passed directly to Client Components/,
-        ),
-      ).toBeVisible()
-    }
-  })
-
   test('protected captures', async ({ page }) => {
     // verify captured value is encoded and thus doesn't appear in raw response
     const rscResponse = await page.request.get(
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/README.md b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/README.md
index 65d2752a5..6800257d8 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/README.md
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/README.md
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ Arguments are serialized with React's `encodeReply()` so values supported by the
 | `/file-directive-extra-arguments`      | A zero-parameter module export excludes React-supplied caller arguments.                              |
 | `/inline-directive-extra-arguments`    | A zero-parameter inline function uses transform metadata to exclude React-supplied caller arguments.  |
 | `/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client` | A Client Component imports an inline cached export from a `"use server"` module.                      |
-| `/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server` | Characterizes the current serialization error for server-passed exports from the mixed module.        |
+| `/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server` | A Server Component passes an inline cached export from a `"use server"` module.                       |
 | `/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client` | A Client Component imports an uncached inline server export from a `"use cache"` module.              |
 | `/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server` | A Server Component passes an uncached inline server export from a `"use cache"` module.               |
 | `/protected-captures`                  | Inline captures cross the client boundary encrypted while decoded values define cache identity.       |
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/callable-cache-plugin.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/callable-cache-plugin.ts
index 73ac8c270..8bf611322 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/callable-cache-plugin.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/callable-cache-plugin.ts
@@ -74,7 +74,10 @@ export function callableCachePlugin(): Plugin {
           ...reference,
           exportNames: 'names' in result ? result.names : result.exportNames,
         })
-        result.output.prepend(
+        const importPosition =
+          ast.body.find((node) => !('directive' in node))?.start ?? code.length
+        result.output.prependLeft(
+          importPosition,
           `import $$cacheWrapper, { encryptCacheCaptures as $$encryptCacheCaptures } from "/src/framework/use-cache-runtime";\n` +
             `import * as $$CacheReactServer from "@vitejs/plugin-rsc/react/rsc/server";\n`,
         )
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/root.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/root.tsx
index 4c3c74650..a12af492c 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/root.tsx
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/root.tsx
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ const routes = [
     path: '/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server',
     title: 'Use cache in use server from server',
     description:
-      'A Server Component passes exports from the mixed module, currently exposing missing server reference registration.',
+      'A Server Component passes an inline cached export from a server function module to a Client Component.',
     Component: UseCacheInUseServerFromServerServer,
   },
   {
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/plugins/server-reference.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/plugins/server-reference.ts
index e428246b4..486ff7d26 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/plugins/server-reference.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/plugins/server-reference.ts
@@ -110,13 +110,14 @@ function aggregateClaims(
       )
     }
     for (const name of claim.exportNames) {
+      // An inline "use cache" transform followed by a file-level "use server"
+      // transform can intentionally claim the same generated export. The
+      // identity checks above ensure they contribute to one manifest entry, so
+      // only the export name needs to be retained.
       const existingOwner = exportOwners.get(name)
-      if (existingOwner && existingOwner !== claimOwner) {
-        throw new Error(
-          `[vite-rsc] server reference '${claim.referenceKey}#${name}' is claimed by both '${existingOwner}' and '${claimOwner}'`,
-        )
+      if (!existingOwner) {
+        exportOwners.set(name, claimOwner)
       }
-      exportOwners.set(name, claimOwner)
     }
   }
   assert(aggregate)

From 18bb6f23ad45de526a9267569fcaea76793e8f64 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hiroshi Ogawa <4232207+hi-ogawa@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 7 Aug 2026 15:47:17 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 06/10] docs(rsc): explain mixed directive handling

Co-authored-by: OpenCode <noreply@opencode.ai>
---
 .../examples/use-cache-callable/callable-cache-plugin.ts      | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/callable-cache-plugin.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/callable-cache-plugin.ts
index 8bf611322..53fbd762f 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/callable-cache-plugin.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/callable-cache-plugin.ts
@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ export function callableCachePlugin(): Plugin {
               // and viewport exports.
               // https://github.com/vercel/next.js/blob/aae4179ac628e55483b62cd023a7e1827dcef122/crates/next-custom-transforms/src/transforms/server_actions.rs#L1914-L1919
               filter: (_name, meta) =>
+                // Inline "use server" overrides the file-level cache role and
+                // is left for the built-in transform.
                 !hasFunctionDirective(meta, 'use server') &&
                 meta.valueNode?.type !== 'ObjectExpression' &&
                 meta.valueNode?.type !== 'ArrayExpression',
@@ -74,6 +76,8 @@ export function callableCachePlugin(): Plugin {
           ...reference,
           exportNames: 'names' in result ? result.names : result.exportNames,
         })
+        // Preserve leading directives so a later transform can still recognize
+        // a file-level role such as "use server".
         const importPosition =
           ast.body.find((node) => !('directive' in node))?.start ?? code.length
         result.output.prependLeft(

From 539fed85b22fcd311fc4d18ab53c9873f28b11f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hiroshi Ogawa <4232207+hi-ogawa@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 7 Aug 2026 15:52:00 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 07/10] test(rsc): simplify mixed directive calls

Co-authored-by: OpenCode <noreply@opencode.ai>
---
 .../actions.ts                                   |  4 ++--
 .../client.tsx                                   | 12 +++---------
 .../actions.ts                                   |  4 ++--
 .../client.tsx                                   | 16 ++++++----------
 .../actions.ts                                   |  4 ++--
 .../client.tsx                                   | 12 +++---------
 .../actions.ts                                   |  4 ++--
 .../client.tsx                                   | 16 ++++++----------
 8 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 46 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/actions.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/actions.ts
index 5338933ac..ad3847b4e 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/actions.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/actions.ts
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 
 import { state } from './state'
 
-export async function defaultAction(_key: string) {
+export async function defaultAction() {
   state.defaultExecutions++
 }
 
-export async function overrideAction(_key: string) {
+export async function overrideAction() {
   'use cache'
   state.overrideExecutions++
 }
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/client.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/client.tsx
index 7b402cb01..687c2a8c5 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/client.tsx
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/client.tsx
@@ -9,12 +9,8 @@ export function UseCacheInUseServerFromClient(props: {
 }) {
   return (
     <div data-testid="use-cache-in-use-server-from-client">
-      <form action={defaultAction.bind(null, 'same-key')}>
-        <button>Call default action</button>
-      </form>
-      <form action={overrideAction.bind(null, 'same-key')}>
-        <button>Call override action</button>
-      </form>
+      <button onClick={() => defaultAction()}>Call default action</button>
+      <button onClick={() => overrideAction()}>Call override action</button>
       <p>
         Default executions:{' '}
         <output data-testid="default-executions">
@@ -26,9 +22,7 @@ export function UseCacheInUseServerFromClient(props: {
           {props.overrideExecutions}
         </output>
       </p>
-      <form action={resetAction}>
-        <button>Reset</button>
-      </form>
+      <button onClick={() => resetAction()}>Reset</button>
     </div>
   )
 }
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/actions.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/actions.ts
index 5338933ac..ad3847b4e 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/actions.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/actions.ts
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 
 import { state } from './state'
 
-export async function defaultAction(_key: string) {
+export async function defaultAction() {
   state.defaultExecutions++
 }
 
-export async function overrideAction(_key: string) {
+export async function overrideAction() {
   'use cache'
   state.overrideExecutions++
 }
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/client.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/client.tsx
index a7ce68968..b52dc6d16 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/client.tsx
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/client.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 'use client'
 
-type Action = (key: string) => Promise<void>
+type Action = () => Promise<void>
 
 export function UseCacheInUseServerFromServer(props: {
   defaultAction: Action
@@ -11,12 +11,10 @@ export function UseCacheInUseServerFromServer(props: {
 }) {
   return (
     <div data-testid="use-cache-in-use-server-from-server">
-      <form action={props.defaultAction.bind(null, 'same-key')}>
-        <button>Call default action</button>
-      </form>
-      <form action={props.overrideAction.bind(null, 'same-key')}>
-        <button>Call override action</button>
-      </form>
+      <button onClick={() => props.defaultAction()}>Call default action</button>
+      <button onClick={() => props.overrideAction()}>
+        Call override action
+      </button>
       <p>
         Default executions:{' '}
         <output data-testid="default-executions">
@@ -28,9 +26,7 @@ export function UseCacheInUseServerFromServer(props: {
           {props.overrideExecutions}
         </output>
       </p>
-      <form action={props.resetAction}>
-        <button>Reset</button>
-      </form>
+      <button onClick={() => props.resetAction()}>Reset</button>
     </div>
   )
 }
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/actions.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/actions.ts
index 67028ecd8..d987efc76 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/actions.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/actions.ts
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ import { state } from './state'
 
 // Variable exports stay assignable when the file-level cache wrapper runs
 // before the inline server transform.
-export const defaultAction = async (_key: string) => {
+export const defaultAction = async () => {
   state.defaultExecutions++
 }
 
-export const overrideAction = async (_key: string) => {
+export const overrideAction = async () => {
   'use server'
   state.overrideExecutions++
 }
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/client.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/client.tsx
index 8c6107c29..2030bd860 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/client.tsx
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/client.tsx
@@ -9,12 +9,8 @@ export function UseServerInUseCacheFromClient(props: {
 }) {
   return (
     <div data-testid="use-server-in-use-cache-from-client">
-      <form action={defaultAction.bind(null, 'same-key')}>
-        <button>Call default action</button>
-      </form>
-      <form action={overrideAction.bind(null, 'same-key')}>
-        <button>Call override action</button>
-      </form>
+      <button onClick={() => defaultAction()}>Call default action</button>
+      <button onClick={() => overrideAction()}>Call override action</button>
       <p>
         Default executions:{' '}
         <output data-testid="default-executions">
@@ -26,9 +22,7 @@ export function UseServerInUseCacheFromClient(props: {
           {props.overrideExecutions}
         </output>
       </p>
-      <form action={resetAction}>
-        <button>Reset</button>
-      </form>
+      <button onClick={() => resetAction()}>Reset</button>
     </div>
   )
 }
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/actions.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/actions.ts
index 67028ecd8..d987efc76 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/actions.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/actions.ts
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ import { state } from './state'
 
 // Variable exports stay assignable when the file-level cache wrapper runs
 // before the inline server transform.
-export const defaultAction = async (_key: string) => {
+export const defaultAction = async () => {
   state.defaultExecutions++
 }
 
-export const overrideAction = async (_key: string) => {
+export const overrideAction = async () => {
   'use server'
   state.overrideExecutions++
 }
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/client.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/client.tsx
index 5c1ed50d1..82f9248fb 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/client.tsx
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/client.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 'use client'
 
-type Action = (key: string) => Promise<void>
+type Action = () => Promise<void>
 
 export function UseServerInUseCacheFromServer(props: {
   defaultAction: Action
@@ -11,12 +11,10 @@ export function UseServerInUseCacheFromServer(props: {
 }) {
   return (
     <div data-testid="use-server-in-use-cache-from-server">
-      <form action={props.defaultAction.bind(null, 'same-key')}>
-        <button>Call default action</button>
-      </form>
-      <form action={props.overrideAction.bind(null, 'same-key')}>
-        <button>Call override action</button>
-      </form>
+      <button onClick={() => props.defaultAction()}>Call default action</button>
+      <button onClick={() => props.overrideAction()}>
+        Call override action
+      </button>
       <p>
         Default executions:{' '}
         <output data-testid="default-executions">
@@ -28,9 +26,7 @@ export function UseServerInUseCacheFromServer(props: {
           {props.overrideExecutions}
         </output>
       </p>
-      <form action={props.resetAction}>
-        <button>Reset</button>
-      </form>
+      <button onClick={() => props.resetAction()}>Reset</button>
     </div>
   )
 }

From d0eb1a537514dd0d7a2de63ce0967aa42a53bed8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hiroshi Ogawa <4232207+hi-ogawa@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 7 Aug 2026 15:53:10 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 08/10] test(rsc): use declarations in mixed cache modules

Co-authored-by: OpenCode <noreply@opencode.ai>
---
 .../features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/actions.ts | 6 ++----
 .../features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/actions.ts | 6 ++----
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/actions.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/actions.ts
index d987efc76..86e21f1b8 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/actions.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/actions.ts
@@ -2,13 +2,11 @@
 
 import { state } from './state'
 
-// Variable exports stay assignable when the file-level cache wrapper runs
-// before the inline server transform.
-export const defaultAction = async () => {
+export async function defaultAction() {
   state.defaultExecutions++
 }
 
-export const overrideAction = async () => {
+export async function overrideAction() {
   'use server'
   state.overrideExecutions++
 }
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/actions.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/actions.ts
index d987efc76..86e21f1b8 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/actions.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/actions.ts
@@ -2,13 +2,11 @@
 
 import { state } from './state'
 
-// Variable exports stay assignable when the file-level cache wrapper runs
-// before the inline server transform.
-export const defaultAction = async () => {
+export async function defaultAction() {
   state.defaultExecutions++
 }
 
-export const overrideAction = async () => {
+export async function overrideAction() {
   'use server'
   state.overrideExecutions++
 }

From 3ec9403aeb3bced0f3bb35be95025554784a72de Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hiroshi Ogawa <4232207+hi-ogawa@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 7 Aug 2026 15:58:36 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 09/10] test(rsc): snapshot mixed directive output

Co-authored-by: OpenCode <noreply@opencode.ai>
---
 .../use-cache-in-use-server.js                |   7 ++
 .../use-cache-in-use-server.js.snap.md        |  78 ++++++++++++
 .../use-server-in-use-cache.js                |   7 ++
 .../use-server-in-use-cache.js.snap.md        |  68 +++++++++++
 .../src/transforms/mixed-directives.test.ts   | 114 ++++++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 274 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/mixed-directives/use-cache-in-use-server.js
 create mode 100644 packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/mixed-directives/use-cache-in-use-server.js.snap.md
 create mode 100644 packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/mixed-directives/use-server-in-use-cache.js
 create mode 100644 packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/mixed-directives/use-server-in-use-cache.js.snap.md
 create mode 100644 packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/mixed-directives.test.ts

diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/mixed-directives/use-cache-in-use-server.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/mixed-directives/use-cache-in-use-server.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1a375419c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/mixed-directives/use-cache-in-use-server.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+'use server'
+
+export async function defaultAction() {}
+
+export async function overrideAction() {
+  'use cache'
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/mixed-directives/use-cache-in-use-server.js.snap.md b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/mixed-directives/use-cache-in-use-server.js.snap.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a092a970b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/mixed-directives/use-cache-in-use-server.js.snap.md
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+## Input
+
+```js
+'use server'
+
+export async function defaultAction() {}
+
+export async function overrideAction() {
+  'use cache'
+}
+```
+
+## framework cache RSC transform
+
+**Status:** transformed
+
+**References:** $$hoist_0_overrideAction
+
+```js
+'use server'
+
+import { cache as $cache, register as $registerCache } from "cache-runtime";
+export const $$hoist_0_overrideAction = /* #__PURE__ */ $registerCache($cache($$hoist_0_overrideAction$$impl), "$$hoist_0_overrideAction");
+export async function defaultAction() {}
+
+export const overrideAction = $$hoist_0_overrideAction;
+
+;async function $$hoist_0_overrideAction$$impl() {
+  'use cache'
+};
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_overrideAction$$impl, "name", { value: "overrideAction" });
+```
+
+## final RSC transform
+
+**Status:** transformed
+
+**References:** $$hoist_0_overrideAction, defaultAction, overrideAction
+
+```js
+'use server'
+
+import { cache as $cache, register as $registerCache } from "cache-runtime";
+const $$hoist_0_overrideAction = /* #__PURE__ */ $registerCache($cache($$hoist_0_overrideAction$$impl), "$$hoist_0_overrideAction");
+async function defaultAction() {}
+
+const overrideAction = $$hoist_0_overrideAction;
+
+;async function $$hoist_0_overrideAction$$impl() {
+  'use cache'
+};
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_overrideAction$$impl, "name", { value: "overrideAction" });
+
+$registerServer($$hoist_0_overrideAction, "$$hoist_0_overrideAction");
+export { $$hoist_0_overrideAction };
+
+$registerServer(defaultAction, "defaultAction");
+export { defaultAction };
+
+$registerServer(overrideAction, "overrideAction");
+export { overrideAction };
+```
+
+## browser and SSR proxy transform
+
+**Status:** transformed
+
+**References:** defaultAction, overrideAction
+
+```js
+
+
+export const defaultAction = /* #__PURE__ */ $serverProxy("defaultAction");
+
+
+export const overrideAction = /* #__PURE__ */ $serverProxy("overrideAction");
+
+```
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/mixed-directives/use-server-in-use-cache.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/mixed-directives/use-server-in-use-cache.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4303db27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/mixed-directives/use-server-in-use-cache.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+'use cache'
+
+export async function defaultAction() {}
+
+export async function overrideAction() {
+  'use server'
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/mixed-directives/use-server-in-use-cache.js.snap.md b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/mixed-directives/use-server-in-use-cache.js.snap.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..359544053
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/mixed-directives/use-server-in-use-cache.js.snap.md
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+## Input
+
+```js
+'use cache'
+
+export async function defaultAction() {}
+
+export async function overrideAction() {
+  'use server'
+}
+```
+
+## framework cache RSC transform
+
+**Status:** transformed
+
+**References:** defaultAction
+
+```js
+'use cache'
+
+import { cache as $cache, register as $registerCache } from "cache-runtime";
+async function defaultAction() {}
+
+export async function overrideAction() {
+  'use server'
+}
+defaultAction = /* #__PURE__ */ $registerCache($cache(defaultAction), "defaultAction");
+export { defaultAction };
+```
+
+## final RSC transform
+
+**Status:** transformed
+
+**References:** $$hoist_0_overrideAction
+
+```js
+'use cache'
+
+import { cache as $cache, register as $registerCache } from "cache-runtime";
+async function defaultAction() {}
+
+export const overrideAction = /* #__PURE__ */ $registerServer($$hoist_0_overrideAction, "$$hoist_0_overrideAction");
+defaultAction = /* #__PURE__ */ $registerCache($cache(defaultAction), "defaultAction");
+export { defaultAction };
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_overrideAction() {
+  'use server'
+};
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_overrideAction, "name", { value: "overrideAction" });
+```
+
+## browser and SSR proxy transform
+
+**Status:** transformed
+
+**References:** defaultAction, overrideAction
+
+```js
+
+
+export const defaultAction = /* #__PURE__ */ $cacheProxy("defaultAction");
+
+
+export const overrideAction = /* #__PURE__ */ $cacheProxy("overrideAction");
+
+```
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/mixed-directives.test.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/mixed-directives.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6e26d2718
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/mixed-directives.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+import path from 'node:path'
+import { parseAstAsync } from 'vite'
+import { expect, test } from 'vitest'
+import { transformHoistInlineDirective } from './hoist'
+import type { ModuleExportMeta } from './module-export-scan'
+import { transformDirectiveProxyExport } from './proxy-export'
+import { transformServerActionServer } from './server-action'
+import { formatTransformMarkdownFixture } from './test-utils'
+import { hasDirective } from './utils'
+import { transformWrapExport } from './wrap-export'
+
+const fixtures = import.meta.glob(
+  ['./fixtures/mixed-directives/*.js', '!**/*.snap.*'],
+  { query: 'raw' },
+)
+
+for (const [file, load] of Object.entries(fixtures)) {
+  test(path.basename(file), async () => {
+    const input = ((await load()) as any).default as string
+    const ast = await parseAstAsync(input)
+    const cacheResult = hasDirective(ast.body, 'use cache')
+      ? transformWrapExport(input, ast, {
+          runtime: cacheRuntime,
+          filter: (_name, meta) => !hasFunctionDirective(meta, 'use server'),
+        })
+      : transformHoistInlineDirective(input, ast, {
+          directive: 'use cache',
+          hoistRuntime: true,
+          runtime: cacheRuntime,
+        })
+
+    const importPosition =
+      ast.body.find((node) => !('directive' in node))?.start ?? input.length
+    cacheResult.output.prependLeft(
+      importPosition,
+      `import { cache as $cache, register as $registerCache } from "cache-runtime";\n`,
+    )
+    const cacheCode = cacheResult.output.toString()
+    const cacheReferences =
+      'names' in cacheResult ? cacheResult.names : cacheResult.exportNames
+
+    const rscAst = await parseAstAsync(cacheCode)
+    const rscResult = transformServerActionServer(cacheCode, rscAst, {
+      runtime: (value, name) =>
+        `$registerServer(${value}, ${JSON.stringify(name)})`,
+    })
+
+    let proxyAst = ast
+    let proxyCode = input
+    let proxyResult = transformDirectiveProxyExport(proxyAst, {
+      code: proxyCode,
+      directive: 'use cache',
+      runtime: (name) => `$cacheProxy(${JSON.stringify(name)})`,
+    })
+    if (proxyResult) {
+      proxyCode = proxyResult.output.toString()
+      proxyAst = await parseAstAsync(proxyCode)
+    }
+    proxyResult ??= transformDirectiveProxyExport(proxyAst, {
+      code: proxyCode,
+      directive: 'use server',
+      runtime: (name) => `$serverProxy(${JSON.stringify(name)})`,
+    })
+
+    await parseAstAsync(rscResult.output.toString())
+    if (proxyResult) {
+      await parseAstAsync(proxyResult.output.toString())
+    }
+    await expect(
+      formatTransformMarkdownFixture(input, [
+        {
+          name: 'framework cache RSC transform',
+          output: cacheResult.output,
+          references: cacheReferences,
+        },
+        {
+          name: 'final RSC transform',
+          output: rscResult.output,
+          references: rscResult.referenceNames,
+        },
+        {
+          name: 'browser and SSR proxy transform',
+          output: proxyResult?.output,
+          references: proxyResult?.exportNames,
+        },
+      ]),
+    ).toMatchFileSnapshot(file + '.snap.md')
+  })
+}
+
+function cacheRuntime(value: string, name: string): string {
+  return `$registerCache($cache(${value}), ${JSON.stringify(name)})`
+}
+
+function hasFunctionDirective(
+  meta: Pick<ModuleExportMeta, 'valueNode'>,
+  directive: string,
+): boolean {
+  const node = meta.valueNode
+  if (
+    (node?.type !== 'FunctionDeclaration' &&
+      node?.type !== 'FunctionExpression' &&
+      node?.type !== 'ArrowFunctionExpression') ||
+    node.body.type !== 'BlockStatement'
+  ) {
+    return false
+  }
+  return node.body.body.some(
+    (statement) =>
+      statement.type === 'ExpressionStatement' &&
+      'directive' in statement &&
+      statement.directive === directive,
+  )
+}

From 6b457f702e24afa0b2f49a5060ece58c6fde935b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hiroshi Ogawa <4232207+hi-ogawa@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 7 Aug 2026 16:07:03 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 10/10] test(rsc): clarify mixed directive fixtures

Co-authored-by: OpenCode <noreply@opencode.ai>
---
 .../src/transforms/mixed-directives.test.ts   | 120 ++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 69 insertions(+), 51 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/mixed-directives.test.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/mixed-directives.test.ts
index 6e26d2718..ba9bdf103 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/mixed-directives.test.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/mixed-directives.test.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import path from 'node:path'
+import type MagicString from 'magic-string'
 import { parseAstAsync } from 'vite'
 import { expect, test } from 'vitest'
 import { transformHoistInlineDirective } from './hoist'
@@ -17,77 +18,94 @@ const fixtures = import.meta.glob(
 for (const [file, load] of Object.entries(fixtures)) {
   test(path.basename(file), async () => {
     const input = ((await load()) as any).default as string
-    const ast = await parseAstAsync(input)
-    const cacheResult = hasDirective(ast.body, 'use cache')
-      ? transformWrapExport(input, ast, {
-          runtime: cacheRuntime,
-          filter: (_name, meta) => !hasFunctionDirective(meta, 'use server'),
-        })
-      : transformHoistInlineDirective(input, ast, {
-          directive: 'use cache',
-          hoistRuntime: true,
-          runtime: cacheRuntime,
-        })
-
-    const importPosition =
-      ast.body.find((node) => !('directive' in node))?.start ?? input.length
-    cacheResult.output.prependLeft(
-      importPosition,
-      `import { cache as $cache, register as $registerCache } from "cache-runtime";\n`,
-    )
-    const cacheCode = cacheResult.output.toString()
-    const cacheReferences =
-      'names' in cacheResult ? cacheResult.names : cacheResult.exportNames
-
-    const rscAst = await parseAstAsync(cacheCode)
-    const rscResult = transformServerActionServer(cacheCode, rscAst, {
-      runtime: (value, name) =>
-        `$registerServer(${value}, ${JSON.stringify(name)})`,
-    })
-
-    let proxyAst = ast
-    let proxyCode = input
-    let proxyResult = transformDirectiveProxyExport(proxyAst, {
-      code: proxyCode,
-      directive: 'use cache',
-      runtime: (name) => `$cacheProxy(${JSON.stringify(name)})`,
-    })
-    if (proxyResult) {
-      proxyCode = proxyResult.output.toString()
-      proxyAst = await parseAstAsync(proxyCode)
-    }
-    proxyResult ??= transformDirectiveProxyExport(proxyAst, {
-      code: proxyCode,
-      directive: 'use server',
-      runtime: (name) => `$serverProxy(${JSON.stringify(name)})`,
-    })
+    const cacheResult = await transformUseCache(input)
+    const rscResult = await transformUseServer(cacheResult.output.toString())
+    const proxyResult = await transformMixedDirectiveProxy(input)
 
     await parseAstAsync(rscResult.output.toString())
-    if (proxyResult) {
-      await parseAstAsync(proxyResult.output.toString())
-    }
+    await parseAstAsync(proxyResult.output.toString())
     await expect(
       formatTransformMarkdownFixture(input, [
         {
           name: 'framework cache RSC transform',
           output: cacheResult.output,
-          references: cacheReferences,
+          references: cacheResult.references,
         },
         {
           name: 'final RSC transform',
           output: rscResult.output,
-          references: rscResult.referenceNames,
+          references: rscResult.references,
         },
         {
           name: 'browser and SSR proxy transform',
-          output: proxyResult?.output,
-          references: proxyResult?.exportNames,
+          output: proxyResult.output,
+          references: proxyResult.references,
         },
       ]),
     ).toMatchFileSnapshot(file + '.snap.md')
   })
 }
 
+type TransformResult = {
+  output: MagicString
+  references: string[]
+}
+
+async function transformUseCache(input: string): Promise<TransformResult> {
+  const ast = await parseAstAsync(input)
+  const result = hasDirective(ast.body, 'use cache')
+    ? transformWrapExport(input, ast, {
+        runtime: cacheRuntime,
+        filter: (_name, meta) => !hasFunctionDirective(meta, 'use server'),
+      })
+    : transformHoistInlineDirective(input, ast, {
+        directive: 'use cache',
+        hoistRuntime: true,
+        runtime: cacheRuntime,
+      })
+
+  const importPosition =
+    ast.body.find((node) => !('directive' in node))?.start ?? input.length
+  result.output.prependLeft(
+    importPosition,
+    `import { cache as $cache, register as $registerCache } from "cache-runtime";\n`,
+  )
+  return {
+    output: result.output,
+    references: 'names' in result ? result.names : result.exportNames,
+  }
+}
+
+async function transformUseServer(input: string): Promise<TransformResult> {
+  const ast = await parseAstAsync(input)
+  const result = transformServerActionServer(input, ast, {
+    runtime: (value, name) =>
+      `$registerServer(${value}, ${JSON.stringify(name)})`,
+  })
+  return { output: result.output, references: result.referenceNames }
+}
+
+async function transformMixedDirectiveProxy(
+  input: string,
+): Promise<TransformResult> {
+  const ast = await parseAstAsync(input)
+  const result =
+    transformDirectiveProxyExport(ast, {
+      code: input,
+      directive: 'use cache',
+      runtime: (name) => `$cacheProxy(${JSON.stringify(name)})`,
+    }) ??
+    transformDirectiveProxyExport(ast, {
+      code: input,
+      directive: 'use server',
+      runtime: (name) => `$serverProxy(${JSON.stringify(name)})`,
+    })
+  if (!result) {
+    throw new Error('expected a file directive')
+  }
+  return { output: result.output, references: result.exportNames }
+}
+
 function cacheRuntime(value: string, name: string): string {
   return `$registerCache($cache(${value}), ${JSON.stringify(name)})`
 }