diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/e2e/use-cache-callable.test.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/e2e/use-cache-callable.test.ts
index 74f0457ce..936bf609a 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/e2e/use-cache-callable.test.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/e2e/use-cache-callable.test.ts
@@ -368,6 +368,55 @@ function defineTests(f: Fixture) {
     await expect(result).toHaveText('arguments: 0')
   })
 
+  for (const testCase of [
+    {
+      route: 'use-cache-in-use-server-from-client',
+      defaultExecutions: 2,
+      overrideExecutions: 1,
+    },
+    {
+      route: 'use-cache-in-use-server-from-server',
+      defaultExecutions: 2,
+      overrideExecutions: 1,
+    },
+    {
+      route: 'use-server-in-use-cache-from-client',
+      defaultExecutions: 1,
+      overrideExecutions: 2,
+    },
+    {
+      route: 'use-server-in-use-cache-from-server',
+      defaultExecutions: 1,
+      overrideExecutions: 2,
+    },
+  ]) {
+    test(testCase.route.replaceAll('-', ' '), async ({ page }) => {
+      using _errors = expectNoPageError(page)
+      await page.goto(f.url('/' + testCase.route))
+      await waitForHydration(page)
+
+      const example = page.getByTestId(testCase.route)
+      const defaultExecutions = example.getByTestId('default-executions')
+      const overrideExecutions = example.getByTestId('override-executions')
+      await example.getByRole('button', { name: 'Reset' }).click()
+      await expect(defaultExecutions).toHaveText('0')
+      await expect(overrideExecutions).toHaveText('0')
+
+      await callAction(page, example, 'Call default action')
+      await callAction(page, example, 'Call default action')
+      await expect(defaultExecutions).toHaveText(
+        String(testCase.defaultExecutions),
+      )
+
+      // An inline directive overrides the behavior inherited from the file.
+      await callAction(page, example, 'Call override action')
+      await callAction(page, example, 'Call override action')
+      await expect(overrideExecutions).toHaveText(
+        String(testCase.overrideExecutions),
+      )
+    })
+  }
+
   test('protected captures', async ({ page }) => {
     // verify captured value is encoded and thus doesn't appear in raw response
     const rscResponse = await page.request.get(
@@ -425,6 +474,18 @@ function defineTests(f: Fixture) {
   })
 }
 
+async function callAction(page: Page, example: Locator, name: string) {
+  const [response] = await Promise.all([
+    page.waitForResponse(
+      (response) =>
+        response.request().method() === 'POST' &&
+        response.url().includes('_.rsc'),
+    ),
+    example.getByRole('button', { name }).click(),
+  ])
+  expect(response.ok()).toBe(true)
+}
+
 async function submit(page: Page, form: Locator) {
   // `submissionCount` updates immediately on the client, while a cache hit leaves
   // the server-rendered execution count and result unchanged. Those assertions do
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/README.md b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/README.md
index f61a05947..6800257d8 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/README.md
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/README.md
@@ -46,14 +46,18 @@ Arguments are serialized with React's `encodeReply()` so values supported by the
 
 ## Examples
 
-| Route                               | Demonstrates                                                                                          |
-| ----------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| `/inline-directive`                 | An inline cached function captures a Server Component value and is passed to a Client Component form. |
-| `/file-directive-from-server`       | A module-level cached export is imported on the server and passed to a Client Component.              |
-| `/file-directive-from-client`       | A Client Component imports a cached export through its generated proxy.                               |
-| `/file-directive-extra-arguments`   | A zero-parameter module export excludes React-supplied caller arguments.                              |
-| `/inline-directive-extra-arguments` | A zero-parameter inline function uses transform metadata to exclude React-supplied caller arguments.  |
-| `/protected-captures`               | Inline captures cross the client boundary encrypted while decoded values define cache identity.       |
+| Route                                  | Demonstrates                                                                                          |
+| -------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `/inline-directive`                    | An inline cached function captures a Server Component value and is passed to a Client Component form. |
+| `/file-directive-from-server`          | A module-level cached export is imported on the server and passed to a Client Component.              |
+| `/file-directive-from-client`          | A Client Component imports a cached export through its generated proxy.                               |
+| `/file-directive-extra-arguments`      | A zero-parameter module export excludes React-supplied caller arguments.                              |
+| `/inline-directive-extra-arguments`    | A zero-parameter inline function uses transform metadata to exclude React-supplied caller arguments.  |
+| `/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client` | A Client Component imports an inline cached export from a `"use server"` module.                      |
+| `/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server` | A Server Component passes an inline cached export from a `"use server"` module.                       |
+| `/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client` | A Client Component imports an uncached inline server export from a `"use cache"` module.              |
+| `/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server` | A Server Component passes an uncached inline server export from a `"use cache"` module.               |
+| `/protected-captures`                  | Inline captures cross the client boundary encrypted while decoded values define cache identity.       |
 
 Each route displays submission and execution counts. Every form submission calls the server reference, while the function body runs only on a cache miss.
 
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/callable-cache-plugin.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/callable-cache-plugin.ts
index 5825c3a5a..53fbd762f 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/callable-cache-plugin.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/callable-cache-plugin.ts
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ export function callableCachePlugin(): Plugin {
           name: string,
           options: CacheWrapperOptions,
         ) =>
-          `$$ReactServer.registerServerReference(` +
+          `$$CacheReactServer.registerServerReference(` +
           `$$cacheWrapper(${value}, ${JSON.stringify(options)}),` +
           `${JSON.stringify(reference.referenceKey)},` +
           `${JSON.stringify(name)})`
@@ -49,6 +49,9 @@ export function callableCachePlugin(): Plugin {
               // and viewport exports.
               // https://github.com/vercel/next.js/blob/aae4179ac628e55483b62cd023a7e1827dcef122/crates/next-custom-transforms/src/transforms/server_actions.rs#L1914-L1919
               filter: (_name, meta) =>
+                // Inline "use server" overrides the file-level cache role and
+                // is left for the built-in transform.
+                !hasFunctionDirective(meta, 'use server') &&
                 meta.valueNode?.type !== 'ObjectExpression' &&
                 meta.valueNode?.type !== 'ArrayExpression',
               rejectNonAsyncFunction: true,
@@ -73,9 +76,14 @@ export function callableCachePlugin(): Plugin {
           ...reference,
           exportNames: 'names' in result ? result.names : result.exportNames,
         })
-        result.output.prepend(
+        // Preserve leading directives so a later transform can still recognize
+        // a file-level role such as "use server".
+        const importPosition =
+          ast.body.find((node) => !('directive' in node))?.start ?? code.length
+        result.output.prependLeft(
+          importPosition,
           `import $$cacheWrapper, { encryptCacheCaptures as $$encryptCacheCaptures } from "/src/framework/use-cache-runtime";\n` +
-            `import * as $$ReactServer from "@vitejs/plugin-rsc/react/rsc/server";\n`,
+            `import * as $$CacheReactServer from "@vitejs/plugin-rsc/react/rsc/server";\n`,
         )
         return {
           code: result.output.toString(),
@@ -91,12 +99,12 @@ export function callableCachePlugin(): Plugin {
           meta.valueNode?.type !== 'ArrayExpression',
         rejectNonAsyncFunction: true,
         runtime: (name) =>
-          `$$ReactClient.createServerReference(` +
+          `$$CacheReactClient.createServerReference(` +
           `${JSON.stringify(reference.referenceKey + '#' + name)},` +
-          `$$ReactClient.callServer,` +
+          `$$CacheReactClient.callServer,` +
           `undefined,` +
           (this.environment.mode === 'dev'
-            ? `$$ReactClient.findSourceMapURL,`
+            ? `$$CacheReactClient.findSourceMapURL,`
             : `undefined,`) +
           `${JSON.stringify(name)})`,
       })
@@ -112,7 +120,7 @@ export function callableCachePlugin(): Plugin {
       const runtimeEnvironment =
         environmentName === 'client' ? 'browser' : 'ssr'
       result.output.prepend(
-        `import * as $$ReactClient from "@vitejs/plugin-rsc/react/${runtimeEnvironment}";\n`,
+        `import * as $$CacheReactClient from "@vitejs/plugin-rsc/react/${runtimeEnvironment}";\n`,
       )
       return {
         code: result.output.toString(),
@@ -122,6 +130,27 @@ export function callableCachePlugin(): Plugin {
   }
 }
 
+function hasFunctionDirective(
+  meta: Pick<ModuleExportMeta, 'valueNode'>,
+  directive: string,
+): boolean {
+  const node = meta.valueNode
+  if (
+    (node?.type !== 'FunctionDeclaration' &&
+      node?.type !== 'FunctionExpression' &&
+      node?.type !== 'ArrowFunctionExpression') ||
+    node.body.type !== 'BlockStatement'
+  ) {
+    return false
+  }
+  return node.body.body.some(
+    (statement) =>
+      statement.type === 'ExpressionStatement' &&
+      'directive' in statement &&
+      statement.directive === directive,
+  )
+}
+
 function getCacheWrapperOptions(
   meta: Pick<ModuleExportMeta, 'valueNode'>,
 ): CacheWrapperOptions {
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/actions.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/actions.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad3847b4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/actions.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+'use server'
+
+import { state } from './state'
+
+export async function defaultAction() {
+  state.defaultExecutions++
+}
+
+export async function overrideAction() {
+  'use cache'
+  state.overrideExecutions++
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/client.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/client.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..687c2a8c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/client.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+'use client'
+
+import { defaultAction, overrideAction } from './actions'
+import { resetAction } from './reset'
+
+export function UseCacheInUseServerFromClient(props: {
+  defaultExecutions: number
+  overrideExecutions: number
+}) {
+  return (
+    <div data-testid="use-cache-in-use-server-from-client">
+      <button onClick={() => defaultAction()}>Call default action</button>
+      <button onClick={() => overrideAction()}>Call override action</button>
+      <p>
+        Default executions:{' '}
+        <output data-testid="default-executions">
+          {props.defaultExecutions}
+        </output>
+        <br />
+        Override executions:{' '}
+        <output data-testid="override-executions">
+          {props.overrideExecutions}
+        </output>
+      </p>
+      <button onClick={() => resetAction()}>Reset</button>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/reset.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/reset.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..16911e798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/reset.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+'use server'
+
+import { resetCache } from '../../framework/use-cache-runtime'
+import { state } from './state'
+
+export async function resetAction() {
+  resetCache()
+  state.defaultExecutions = 0
+  state.overrideExecutions = 0
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/server.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/server.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6ca011847
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/server.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import { UseCacheInUseServerFromClient } from './client'
+import { state } from './state'
+
+export function UseCacheInUseServerFromClientServer() {
+  return (
+    <UseCacheInUseServerFromClient
+      defaultExecutions={state.defaultExecutions}
+      overrideExecutions={state.overrideExecutions}
+    />
+  )
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/state.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/state.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8cbac1600
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/state.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+export const state = {
+  defaultExecutions: 0,
+  overrideExecutions: 0,
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/actions.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/actions.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad3847b4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/actions.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+'use server'
+
+import { state } from './state'
+
+export async function defaultAction() {
+  state.defaultExecutions++
+}
+
+export async function overrideAction() {
+  'use cache'
+  state.overrideExecutions++
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/client.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/client.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b52dc6d16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/client.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+'use client'
+
+type Action = () => Promise<void>
+
+export function UseCacheInUseServerFromServer(props: {
+  defaultAction: Action
+  defaultExecutions: number
+  overrideAction: Action
+  overrideExecutions: number
+  resetAction: () => Promise<void>
+}) {
+  return (
+    <div data-testid="use-cache-in-use-server-from-server">
+      <button onClick={() => props.defaultAction()}>Call default action</button>
+      <button onClick={() => props.overrideAction()}>
+        Call override action
+      </button>
+      <p>
+        Default executions:{' '}
+        <output data-testid="default-executions">
+          {props.defaultExecutions}
+        </output>
+        <br />
+        Override executions:{' '}
+        <output data-testid="override-executions">
+          {props.overrideExecutions}
+        </output>
+      </p>
+      <button onClick={() => props.resetAction()}>Reset</button>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/reset.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/reset.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..16911e798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/reset.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+'use server'
+
+import { resetCache } from '../../framework/use-cache-runtime'
+import { state } from './state'
+
+export async function resetAction() {
+  resetCache()
+  state.defaultExecutions = 0
+  state.overrideExecutions = 0
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/server.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/server.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d72130552
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/server.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import { defaultAction, overrideAction } from './actions'
+import { UseCacheInUseServerFromServer } from './client'
+import { resetAction } from './reset'
+import { state } from './state'
+
+export function UseCacheInUseServerFromServerServer() {
+  return (
+    <UseCacheInUseServerFromServer
+      defaultAction={defaultAction}
+      defaultExecutions={state.defaultExecutions}
+      overrideAction={overrideAction}
+      overrideExecutions={state.overrideExecutions}
+      resetAction={resetAction}
+    />
+  )
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/state.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/state.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8cbac1600
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/state.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+export const state = {
+  defaultExecutions: 0,
+  overrideExecutions: 0,
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/actions.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/actions.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..86e21f1b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/actions.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+'use cache'
+
+import { state } from './state'
+
+export async function defaultAction() {
+  state.defaultExecutions++
+}
+
+export async function overrideAction() {
+  'use server'
+  state.overrideExecutions++
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/client.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/client.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2030bd860
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/client.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+'use client'
+
+import { defaultAction, overrideAction } from './actions'
+import { resetAction } from './reset'
+
+export function UseServerInUseCacheFromClient(props: {
+  defaultExecutions: number
+  overrideExecutions: number
+}) {
+  return (
+    <div data-testid="use-server-in-use-cache-from-client">
+      <button onClick={() => defaultAction()}>Call default action</button>
+      <button onClick={() => overrideAction()}>Call override action</button>
+      <p>
+        Default executions:{' '}
+        <output data-testid="default-executions">
+          {props.defaultExecutions}
+        </output>
+        <br />
+        Override executions:{' '}
+        <output data-testid="override-executions">
+          {props.overrideExecutions}
+        </output>
+      </p>
+      <button onClick={() => resetAction()}>Reset</button>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/reset.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/reset.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..16911e798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/reset.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+'use server'
+
+import { resetCache } from '../../framework/use-cache-runtime'
+import { state } from './state'
+
+export async function resetAction() {
+  resetCache()
+  state.defaultExecutions = 0
+  state.overrideExecutions = 0
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/server.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/server.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c3dced99d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/server.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import { UseServerInUseCacheFromClient } from './client'
+import { state } from './state'
+
+export function UseServerInUseCacheFromClientServer() {
+  return (
+    <UseServerInUseCacheFromClient
+      defaultExecutions={state.defaultExecutions}
+      overrideExecutions={state.overrideExecutions}
+    />
+  )
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/state.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/state.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8cbac1600
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/state.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+export const state = {
+  defaultExecutions: 0,
+  overrideExecutions: 0,
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/actions.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/actions.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..86e21f1b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/actions.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+'use cache'
+
+import { state } from './state'
+
+export async function defaultAction() {
+  state.defaultExecutions++
+}
+
+export async function overrideAction() {
+  'use server'
+  state.overrideExecutions++
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/client.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/client.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..82f9248fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/client.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+'use client'
+
+type Action = () => Promise<void>
+
+export function UseServerInUseCacheFromServer(props: {
+  defaultAction: Action
+  defaultExecutions: number
+  overrideAction: Action
+  overrideExecutions: number
+  resetAction: () => Promise<void>
+}) {
+  return (
+    <div data-testid="use-server-in-use-cache-from-server">
+      <button onClick={() => props.defaultAction()}>Call default action</button>
+      <button onClick={() => props.overrideAction()}>
+        Call override action
+      </button>
+      <p>
+        Default executions:{' '}
+        <output data-testid="default-executions">
+          {props.defaultExecutions}
+        </output>
+        <br />
+        Override executions:{' '}
+        <output data-testid="override-executions">
+          {props.overrideExecutions}
+        </output>
+      </p>
+      <button onClick={() => props.resetAction()}>Reset</button>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/reset.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/reset.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..16911e798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/reset.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+'use server'
+
+import { resetCache } from '../../framework/use-cache-runtime'
+import { state } from './state'
+
+export async function resetAction() {
+  resetCache()
+  state.defaultExecutions = 0
+  state.overrideExecutions = 0
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/server.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/server.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b5aa8011e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/server.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import { defaultAction, overrideAction } from './actions'
+import { UseServerInUseCacheFromServer } from './client'
+import { resetAction } from './reset'
+import { state } from './state'
+
+export function UseServerInUseCacheFromServerServer() {
+  return (
+    <UseServerInUseCacheFromServer
+      defaultAction={defaultAction}
+      defaultExecutions={state.defaultExecutions}
+      overrideAction={overrideAction}
+      overrideExecutions={state.overrideExecutions}
+      resetAction={resetAction}
+    />
+  )
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/state.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/state.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8cbac1600
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/state.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+export const state = {
+  defaultExecutions: 0,
+  overrideExecutions: 0,
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/root.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/root.tsx
index 2e1aa3c76..a12af492c 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/root.tsx
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/use-cache-callable/src/root.tsx
@@ -4,6 +4,10 @@ import { FileDirectiveFromServer } from './features/file-directive-from-server/s
 import { InlineDirectiveExtraArgumentsServer } from './features/inline-directive-extra-arguments/server'
 import { InlineDirective } from './features/inline-directive/server'
 import { ProtectedCaptures } from './features/protected-captures/server'
+import { UseCacheInUseServerFromClientServer } from './features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client/server'
+import { UseCacheInUseServerFromServerServer } from './features/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server/server'
+import { UseServerInUseCacheFromClientServer } from './features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client/server'
+import { UseServerInUseCacheFromServerServer } from './features/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server/server'
 
 const routes = [
   {
@@ -41,6 +45,34 @@ const routes = [
       'A zero-parameter inline cached function ignores FormData supplied by React.',
     Component: InlineDirectiveExtraArgumentsServer,
   },
+  {
+    path: '/use-cache-in-use-server-from-client',
+    title: 'Use cache in use server from client',
+    description:
+      'A Client Component imports an inline cached export from a server function module.',
+    Component: UseCacheInUseServerFromClientServer,
+  },
+  {
+    path: '/use-cache-in-use-server-from-server',
+    title: 'Use cache in use server from server',
+    description:
+      'A Server Component passes an inline cached export from a server function module to a Client Component.',
+    Component: UseCacheInUseServerFromServerServer,
+  },
+  {
+    path: '/use-server-in-use-cache-from-client',
+    title: 'Use server in use cache from client',
+    description:
+      'A Client Component imports an uncached inline server export from a cached function module.',
+    Component: UseServerInUseCacheFromClientServer,
+  },
+  {
+    path: '/use-server-in-use-cache-from-server',
+    title: 'Use server in use cache from server',
+    description:
+      'A Server Component passes an uncached inline server export from a cached function module to a Client Component.',
+    Component: UseServerInUseCacheFromServerServer,
+  },
   {
     path: '/protected-captures',
     title: 'Protected captures',
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/plugins/server-reference.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/plugins/server-reference.ts
index e428246b4..486ff7d26 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/plugins/server-reference.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/plugins/server-reference.ts
@@ -110,13 +110,14 @@ function aggregateClaims(
       )
     }
     for (const name of claim.exportNames) {
+      // An inline "use cache" transform followed by a file-level "use server"
+      // transform can intentionally claim the same generated export. The
+      // identity checks above ensure they contribute to one manifest entry, so
+      // only the export name needs to be retained.
       const existingOwner = exportOwners.get(name)
-      if (existingOwner && existingOwner !== claimOwner) {
-        throw new Error(
-          `[vite-rsc] server reference '${claim.referenceKey}#${name}' is claimed by both '${existingOwner}' and '${claimOwner}'`,
-        )
+      if (!existingOwner) {
+        exportOwners.set(name, claimOwner)
       }
-      exportOwners.set(name, claimOwner)
     }
   }
   assert(aggregate)
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/mixed-directives/use-cache-in-use-server.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/mixed-directives/use-cache-in-use-server.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1a375419c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/mixed-directives/use-cache-in-use-server.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+'use server'
+
+export async function defaultAction() {}
+
+export async function overrideAction() {
+  'use cache'
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/mixed-directives/use-cache-in-use-server.js.snap.md b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/mixed-directives/use-cache-in-use-server.js.snap.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a092a970b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/mixed-directives/use-cache-in-use-server.js.snap.md
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+## Input
+
+```js
+'use server'
+
+export async function defaultAction() {}
+
+export async function overrideAction() {
+  'use cache'
+}
+```
+
+## framework cache RSC transform
+
+**Status:** transformed
+
+**References:** $$hoist_0_overrideAction
+
+```js
+'use server'
+
+import { cache as $cache, register as $registerCache } from "cache-runtime";
+export const $$hoist_0_overrideAction = /* #__PURE__ */ $registerCache($cache($$hoist_0_overrideAction$$impl), "$$hoist_0_overrideAction");
+export async function defaultAction() {}
+
+export const overrideAction = $$hoist_0_overrideAction;
+
+;async function $$hoist_0_overrideAction$$impl() {
+  'use cache'
+};
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_overrideAction$$impl, "name", { value: "overrideAction" });
+```
+
+## final RSC transform
+
+**Status:** transformed
+
+**References:** $$hoist_0_overrideAction, defaultAction, overrideAction
+
+```js
+'use server'
+
+import { cache as $cache, register as $registerCache } from "cache-runtime";
+const $$hoist_0_overrideAction = /* #__PURE__ */ $registerCache($cache($$hoist_0_overrideAction$$impl), "$$hoist_0_overrideAction");
+async function defaultAction() {}
+
+const overrideAction = $$hoist_0_overrideAction;
+
+;async function $$hoist_0_overrideAction$$impl() {
+  'use cache'
+};
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_overrideAction$$impl, "name", { value: "overrideAction" });
+
+$registerServer($$hoist_0_overrideAction, "$$hoist_0_overrideAction");
+export { $$hoist_0_overrideAction };
+
+$registerServer(defaultAction, "defaultAction");
+export { defaultAction };
+
+$registerServer(overrideAction, "overrideAction");
+export { overrideAction };
+```
+
+## browser and SSR proxy transform
+
+**Status:** transformed
+
+**References:** defaultAction, overrideAction
+
+```js
+
+
+export const defaultAction = /* #__PURE__ */ $serverProxy("defaultAction");
+
+
+export const overrideAction = /* #__PURE__ */ $serverProxy("overrideAction");
+
+```
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/mixed-directives/use-server-in-use-cache.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/mixed-directives/use-server-in-use-cache.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4303db27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/mixed-directives/use-server-in-use-cache.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+'use cache'
+
+export async function defaultAction() {}
+
+export async function overrideAction() {
+  'use server'
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/mixed-directives/use-server-in-use-cache.js.snap.md b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/mixed-directives/use-server-in-use-cache.js.snap.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..359544053
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/mixed-directives/use-server-in-use-cache.js.snap.md
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+## Input
+
+```js
+'use cache'
+
+export async function defaultAction() {}
+
+export async function overrideAction() {
+  'use server'
+}
+```
+
+## framework cache RSC transform
+
+**Status:** transformed
+
+**References:** defaultAction
+
+```js
+'use cache'
+
+import { cache as $cache, register as $registerCache } from "cache-runtime";
+async function defaultAction() {}
+
+export async function overrideAction() {
+  'use server'
+}
+defaultAction = /* #__PURE__ */ $registerCache($cache(defaultAction), "defaultAction");
+export { defaultAction };
+```
+
+## final RSC transform
+
+**Status:** transformed
+
+**References:** $$hoist_0_overrideAction
+
+```js
+'use cache'
+
+import { cache as $cache, register as $registerCache } from "cache-runtime";
+async function defaultAction() {}
+
+export const overrideAction = /* #__PURE__ */ $registerServer($$hoist_0_overrideAction, "$$hoist_0_overrideAction");
+defaultAction = /* #__PURE__ */ $registerCache($cache(defaultAction), "defaultAction");
+export { defaultAction };
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_overrideAction() {
+  'use server'
+};
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_overrideAction, "name", { value: "overrideAction" });
+```
+
+## browser and SSR proxy transform
+
+**Status:** transformed
+
+**References:** defaultAction, overrideAction
+
+```js
+
+
+export const defaultAction = /* #__PURE__ */ $cacheProxy("defaultAction");
+
+
+export const overrideAction = /* #__PURE__ */ $cacheProxy("overrideAction");
+
+```
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/mixed-directives.test.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/mixed-directives.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba9bdf103
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/mixed-directives.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+import path from 'node:path'
+import type MagicString from 'magic-string'
+import { parseAstAsync } from 'vite'
+import { expect, test } from 'vitest'
+import { transformHoistInlineDirective } from './hoist'
+import type { ModuleExportMeta } from './module-export-scan'
+import { transformDirectiveProxyExport } from './proxy-export'
+import { transformServerActionServer } from './server-action'
+import { formatTransformMarkdownFixture } from './test-utils'
+import { hasDirective } from './utils'
+import { transformWrapExport } from './wrap-export'
+
+const fixtures = import.meta.glob(
+  ['./fixtures/mixed-directives/*.js', '!**/*.snap.*'],
+  { query: 'raw' },
+)
+
+for (const [file, load] of Object.entries(fixtures)) {
+  test(path.basename(file), async () => {
+    const input = ((await load()) as any).default as string
+    const cacheResult = await transformUseCache(input)
+    const rscResult = await transformUseServer(cacheResult.output.toString())
+    const proxyResult = await transformMixedDirectiveProxy(input)
+
+    await parseAstAsync(rscResult.output.toString())
+    await parseAstAsync(proxyResult.output.toString())
+    await expect(
+      formatTransformMarkdownFixture(input, [
+        {
+          name: 'framework cache RSC transform',
+          output: cacheResult.output,
+          references: cacheResult.references,
+        },
+        {
+          name: 'final RSC transform',
+          output: rscResult.output,
+          references: rscResult.references,
+        },
+        {
+          name: 'browser and SSR proxy transform',
+          output: proxyResult.output,
+          references: proxyResult.references,
+        },
+      ]),
+    ).toMatchFileSnapshot(file + '.snap.md')
+  })
+}
+
+type TransformResult = {
+  output: MagicString
+  references: string[]
+}
+
+async function transformUseCache(input: string): Promise<TransformResult> {
+  const ast = await parseAstAsync(input)
+  const result = hasDirective(ast.body, 'use cache')
+    ? transformWrapExport(input, ast, {
+        runtime: cacheRuntime,
+        filter: (_name, meta) => !hasFunctionDirective(meta, 'use server'),
+      })
+    : transformHoistInlineDirective(input, ast, {
+        directive: 'use cache',
+        hoistRuntime: true,
+        runtime: cacheRuntime,
+      })
+
+  const importPosition =
+    ast.body.find((node) => !('directive' in node))?.start ?? input.length
+  result.output.prependLeft(
+    importPosition,
+    `import { cache as $cache, register as $registerCache } from "cache-runtime";\n`,
+  )
+  return {
+    output: result.output,
+    references: 'names' in result ? result.names : result.exportNames,
+  }
+}
+
+async function transformUseServer(input: string): Promise<TransformResult> {
+  const ast = await parseAstAsync(input)
+  const result = transformServerActionServer(input, ast, {
+    runtime: (value, name) =>
+      `$registerServer(${value}, ${JSON.stringify(name)})`,
+  })
+  return { output: result.output, references: result.referenceNames }
+}
+
+async function transformMixedDirectiveProxy(
+  input: string,
+): Promise<TransformResult> {
+  const ast = await parseAstAsync(input)
+  const result =
+    transformDirectiveProxyExport(ast, {
+      code: input,
+      directive: 'use cache',
+      runtime: (name) => `$cacheProxy(${JSON.stringify(name)})`,
+    }) ??
+    transformDirectiveProxyExport(ast, {
+      code: input,
+      directive: 'use server',
+      runtime: (name) => `$serverProxy(${JSON.stringify(name)})`,
+    })
+  if (!result) {
+    throw new Error('expected a file directive')
+  }
+  return { output: result.output, references: result.exportNames }
+}
+
+function cacheRuntime(value: string, name: string): string {
+  return `$registerCache($cache(${value}), ${JSON.stringify(name)})`
+}
+
+function hasFunctionDirective(
+  meta: Pick<ModuleExportMeta, 'valueNode'>,
+  directive: string,
+): boolean {
+  const node = meta.valueNode
+  if (
+    (node?.type !== 'FunctionDeclaration' &&
+      node?.type !== 'FunctionExpression' &&
+      node?.type !== 'ArrowFunctionExpression') ||
+    node.body.type !== 'BlockStatement'
+  ) {
+    return false
+  }
+  return node.body.body.some(
+    (statement) =>
+      statement.type === 'ExpressionStatement' &&
+      'directive' in statement &&
+      statement.directive === directive,
+  )
+}