diff --git a/src/decode/decode-ipc.js b/src/decode/decode-ipc.js
index 9c34a9f..098f96f 100644
--- a/src/decode/decode-ipc.js
+++ b/src/decode/decode-ipc.js
@@ -59,6 +59,13 @@ export function decodeIPCStream(data) {
   let schema;
   const records = [];
   const dictionaries = [];
+  // Parallel to `records`: for each record batch, how many dictionary batches
+  // were already in `dictionaries` when the record batch arrived. Lets
+  // `createTable` walk dict and record batches in their original stream
+  // order, which is required to honor non-delta dictionary REPLACEMENT
+  // messages (each replacement only applies to record batches that come
+  // AFTER it in the stream).
+  const dictsBeforeRecord = [];
 
   // consume each message in the stream
   for (const buf of stream) {
@@ -80,6 +87,7 @@ export function decodeIPCStream(data) {
           break;
         case MessageHeader.RecordBatch:
           records.push(m.content);
+          dictsBeforeRecord.push(dictionaries.length);
           break;
         case MessageHeader.DictionaryBatch:
           dictionaries.push(m.content);
@@ -89,7 +97,7 @@ export function decodeIPCStream(data) {
   }
 
   return /** @type {ArrowData} */ (
-    { schema, dictionaries, records, metadata: null }
+    { schema, dictionaries, records, dictsBeforeRecord, metadata: null }
   );
 }
 
@@ -117,10 +125,20 @@ export function decodeIPCFile(data) {
   const dicts = get(8, decodeBlocks, []);
   const recs = get(10, decodeBlocks, []);
 
+  // Compute, for each record block, the number of dictionary blocks that
+  // appear BEFORE it in the file by byte offset. This preserves the
+  // original stream order for files that interleave dictionary and record
+  // blocks (and degrades to "all dicts before all records" when the file
+  // follows the conventional layout).
+  const dictsBeforeRecord = recs.map(
+    rec => dicts.filter(d => d.offset < rec.offset).length
+  );
+
   return /** @type {ArrowData} */ ({
     schema: get(6, (buf, index) => decodeSchema(buf, index, version)),
     dictionaries: dicts.map(({ offset }) => decodeMessage(data, offset).content),
     records: recs.map(({ offset }) => decodeMessage(data, offset).content),
+    dictsBeforeRecord,
     metadata: get(12, decodeMetadata)
   });
 }
diff --git a/src/decode/table-from-ipc.js b/src/decode/table-from-ipc.js
index a8c267a..376b2bb 100644
--- a/src/decode/table-from-ipc.js
+++ b/src/decode/table-from-ipc.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  * @import { ArrowData, BodyCompression, ExtractionOptions, Field, RecordBatch, Schema } from '../types.js'
  */
 import { batchType } from '../batch-type.js';
-import { columnBuilder } from '../column.js';
+import { Column, columnBuilder } from '../column.js';
 import { decompressBuffer, getCompressionCodec, missingCodec } from '../compression.js';
 import { BodyCompressionMethod, Type, UnionMode, Version } from '../constants.js';
 import { invalidDataType } from '../data-types.js';
@@ -40,8 +40,15 @@ export function tableFromIPC(data, options) {
  * @returns {Table} A Table instance.
  */
 export function createTable(data, options = {}) {
-  const { schema = { fields: [] }, dictionaries, records } = data;
+  const { schema = { fields: [] }, dictionaries, records, dictsBeforeRecord } = data;
   const { version, fields } = schema;
+  // `dictionaryMap` is closed over by `context()` and read by `visit()` when
+  // it encounters a Dictionary-typed field on a record batch. Each record
+  // batch captures whatever Column reference is current in `dictionaryMap`
+  // at the time it is decoded — exactly mirroring how arrow-js's
+  // `_loadDictionaryBatch` calls `this.dictionaries.set(header.id, vector)`
+  // and how `_loadRecordBatch` then resolves dict references against the
+  // current `this.dictionaries` Map.
   const dictionaryMap = new Map;
   const context = contextGenerator(options, version, dictionaryMap);
 
@@ -54,30 +61,61 @@ export function createTable(data, options = {}) {
     }
   });
 
-  // decode dictionaries, build dictionary column map
-  const dicts = new Map;
-  for (const dict of dictionaries) {
-    const { id, data, isDelta, body } = dict;
+  /**
+   * Process a single dictionary batch by either replacing or extending the
+   * Column currently registered for its id in `dictionaryMap`. A fresh
+   * Column instance is always created (never mutated in place) so that any
+   * record batch that previously captured the old Column reference is
+   * unaffected.
+   *
+   * Mirrors arrow-js's `_loadDictionaryBatch`:
+   *   return (dictionary && isDelta
+   *     ? dictionary.concat(new Vector(data))
+   *     : new Vector(data)).memoize();
+   * @param {import('../types.js').DictionaryBatch} dict
+   */
+  const processDict = (dict) => {
+    const { id, data: dictData, isDelta, body } = dict;
     const type = dictionaryTypes.get(id);
-    const batch = visit(type, context({ ...data, body }));
-    if (!dicts.has(id)) {
+    const batch = visit(type, context({ ...dictData, body }));
+    const existing = dictionaryMap.get(id);
+    if (!existing) {
       if (isDelta) {
         throw new Error('Delta update can not be first dictionary batch.');
       }
-      dicts.set(id, columnBuilder(type).add(batch));
+      dictionaryMap.set(id, new Column([batch], type));
+    } else if (isDelta) {
+      // delta — append to the existing dictionary column
+      dictionaryMap.set(id, new Column([...existing.data, batch], type));
     } else {
-      const dict = dicts.get(id);
-      if (!isDelta) dict.clear();
-      dict.add(batch);
+      // non-delta replacement — start fresh
+      dictionaryMap.set(id, new Column([batch], type));
     }
-  }
-  dicts.forEach((value, key) => dictionaryMap.set(key, value.done()));
+  };
 
-  // decode column fields
+  // Decode dictionary and record batches in their original stream order so
+  // that each record batch sees the dictionaries that were current at its
+  // position. `dictsBeforeRecord[i]` is the number of dictionary batches
+  // that preceded record batch `i` in the stream/file; if it is missing
+  // (legacy callers building `ArrowData` by hand), fall back to processing
+  // all dictionary batches before any record batch.
   const cols = fields.map(f => columnBuilder(f.type));
-  for (const batch of records) {
-    const ctx = context(batch);
-    fields.forEach((f, i) => cols[i].add(visit(f.type, ctx)));
+  let dictIdx = 0;
+  for (let i = 0; i < records.length; i++) {
+    const target = dictsBeforeRecord ? dictsBeforeRecord[i] : dictionaries.length;
+    while (dictIdx < target) {
+      processDict(dictionaries[dictIdx++]);
+    }
+
+    const ctx = context(records[i]);
+    fields.forEach((f, idx) => cols[idx].add(visit(f.type, ctx)));
+  }
+  // Drain any dictionary batches that come after the last record batch in
+  // the stream. These can't affect any already-decoded record batch, but
+  // processing them surfaces any malformed-dict errors that the caller
+  // would expect to see.
+  while (dictIdx < dictionaries.length) {
+    processDict(dictionaries[dictIdx++]);
   }
 
   return new Table(schema, cols.map(c => c.done()), options.useProxy);
diff --git a/src/types.ts b/src/types.ts
index 0ed5d4f..a8fb6b2 100644
--- a/src/types.ts
+++ b/src/types.ts
@@ -306,6 +306,16 @@ export interface ArrowData {
   schema?: Schema;
   dictionaries: DictionaryBatch[] | null;
   records: RecordBatch[] | null;
+  /**
+   * For each record batch (parallel to `records`), the number of dictionary
+   * batches that preceded it in the original IPC stream / file. Used by
+   * `createTable` to honor per-record-batch dictionary state when a stream
+   * carries dictionary REPLACEMENT messages (non-delta dictionary batches
+   * that overwrite a previously-transmitted dictionary for the same id).
+   * If null, all dictionary batches are treated as preceding all record
+   * batches (the legacy behavior).
+   */
+  dictsBeforeRecord?: number[] | null;
   metadata: Metadata | null;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/data/dict_replacement.arrows b/test/data/dict_replacement.arrows
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33f9e1a
Binary files /dev/null and b/test/data/dict_replacement.arrows differ
diff --git a/test/dict-replacement.test.js b/test/dict-replacement.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d3c462
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/dict-replacement.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+// Repro for a dictionary-replacement decoding bug in `tableFromIPC`.
+//
+// In the Arrow IPC stream format, a single dictionary id can be associated
+// with multiple non-delta dictionary batches: each subsequent non-delta
+// batch REPLACES the previous one for the purposes of any record batches
+// that come AFTER it in the stream. Record batches always reference the
+// dictionary that is current at their position in the stream.
+//
+// `decode/table-from-ipc.js`'s `createTable` decodes all dictionary batches
+// in one pass before any record batches, overwriting the dictionary stored
+// for an id when it sees a non-delta replacement. After the loop, every
+// record batch — including ones that were transmitted BEFORE a replacement
+// — gets associated with the FINAL dictionary for the id, losing the
+// dictionary that was current at their position.
+//
+// The fixture `test/data/dict_replacement.arrows` is an Arrow IPC stream
+// (written by Apache Arrow's Rust `StreamWriter`, which Apache Arrow JS
+// reads correctly) with the following logical contents:
+//
+//   schema { id: Int64, name: Dict<UInt32, Utf8> }
+//   dict batch (id=0, isDelta=false): values=["alice","bob","carol"]
+//   record batch 1: id=[1,2,3], name keys=[0,1,2]
+//   dict batch (id=0, isDelta=false): values=["dave","eve"]
+//   record batch 2: id=[4,5],   name keys=[0,1]
+//
+// The expected decoded table is:
+//
+//   id | name
+//    1 | alice
+//    2 | bob
+//    3 | carol
+//    4 | dave
+//    5 | eve
+//
+// Today's flechette behavior: rows 0..2 are resolved against the LAST
+// dictionary `["dave","eve"]` instead of the dictionary that was current at
+// the position of record batch 1, so the decoded table is wrong:
+//
+//   id | name
+//    1 | dave        (key 0 → wrong dict)
+//    2 | eve         (key 1 → wrong dict)
+//    3 | undefined   (key 2 → out of bounds in 2-entry dict)
+//    4 | dave
+//    5 | eve
+
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { readFile } from 'node:fs/promises';
+import { tableFromIPC } from '../src/index.js';
+
+describe('tableFromIPC', () => {
+  it('honors per-record-batch dictionary replacements', async () => {
+    const bytes = new Uint8Array(await readFile('test/data/dict_replacement.arrows'));
+    const table = tableFromIPC(bytes);
+
+    const ids = table.getChild('id');
+    const names = table.getChild('name');
+
+    const expected = [
+      { id: 1, name: 'alice' },
+      { id: 2, name: 'bob' },
+      { id: 3, name: 'carol' },
+      { id: 4, name: 'dave' },
+      { id: 5, name: 'eve' },
+    ];
+
+    const actual = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < table.numRows; i++) {
+      actual.push({ id: ids.get(i), name: names.get(i) });
+    }
+
+    expect(actual).toStrictEqual(expected);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/test/util/decimal.js b/test/util/decimal.js
index 07f798f..ff9be2c 100644
--- a/test/util/decimal.js
+++ b/test/util/decimal.js
@@ -38,5 +38,8 @@ export function decimalDataDecoded() {
   record.body = record.buffers[0];
   delete record.byteLength;
   delete record.buffers;
+  // `decodeIPC` populates one entry per record batch indicating how many
+  // dictionary batches preceded it in the stream/file.
+  data.dictsBeforeRecord = data.records.map(() => 0);
   return data;
 }