diff --git a/Input Source Pro/Models/IndicatorVM+Triggers.swift b/Input Source Pro/Models/IndicatorVM+Triggers.swift
index 1d04eed..12d4090 100644
--- a/Input Source Pro/Models/IndicatorVM+Triggers.swift	
+++ b/Input Source Pro/Models/IndicatorVM+Triggers.swift	
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ extension IndicatorVM {
                         }
                     }
 
-                    if previous?.inputSource.id != current.inputSource.id {
+                    if previous?.inputSource.persistentIdentifier != current.inputSource.persistentIdentifier {
                         switch current.inputSourceChangeReason {
                         case .noChanges:
                             return .justHide
diff --git a/Input Source Pro/Models/IndicatorVM.swift b/Input Source Pro/Models/IndicatorVM.swift
index 84e6e99..7631eeb 100644
--- a/Input Source Pro/Models/IndicatorVM.swift	
+++ b/Input Source Pro/Models/IndicatorVM.swift	
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ extension IndicatorVM {
             guard appKind1.isSameAppOrWebsite(with: appKind2, detectAddressBar: true)
             else { return false }
 
-            guard lhs.inputSource.id == rhs.inputSource.id
+            guard lhs.inputSource.persistentIdentifier == rhs.inputSource.persistentIdentifier
             else { return false }
 
             return true
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ extension IndicatorVM {
                         )
                     }
                 case let .inputSourceChanged(inputSource):
-                    guard inputSource.id != state.inputSource.id else { return state }
+                    guard inputSource.persistentIdentifier != state.inputSource.persistentIdentifier else { return state }
 
                     return updateState(appKind: state.appKind, inputSource: inputSource, inputSourceChangeReason: .system)
                 case let .switchInputSourceByShortcut(inputSource):
diff --git a/Input Source Pro/Models/PreferencesVM+AppKeyboardCache.swift b/Input Source Pro/Models/PreferencesVM+AppKeyboardCache.swift
index 05e30e0..596f569 100644
--- a/Input Source Pro/Models/PreferencesVM+AppKeyboardCache.swift	
+++ b/Input Source Pro/Models/PreferencesVM+AppKeyboardCache.swift	
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ extension PreferencesVM {
         let defaultKeyboard = getAppDefaultKeyboard(appKind)
 
         if appNeedCacheKeyboard(appKind),
-           defaultKeyboard?.id != keyboard.id
+           defaultKeyboard?.persistentIdentifier != keyboard.persistentIdentifier
         {
             appKeyboardCache.save(appKind, keyboard: keyboard)
         } else {
diff --git a/Input Source Pro/Models/PreferencesVM.swift b/Input Source Pro/Models/PreferencesVM.swift
index e58c7ab..23c1dee 100644
--- a/Input Source Pro/Models/PreferencesVM.swift	
+++ b/Input Source Pro/Models/PreferencesVM.swift	
@@ -537,11 +537,11 @@ extension Preferences {
 
 extension PreferencesVM {
     var systemWideDefaultKeyboard: InputSource? {
-        return InputSource.sources.first { $0.id == preferences.systemWideDefaultKeyboardId }
+        return InputSource.resolvePersistedIdentifier(preferences.systemWideDefaultKeyboardId)
     }
 
     var browserAddressDefaultKeyboard: InputSource? {
-        return InputSource.sources.first { $0.id == preferences.browserAddressDefaultKeyboardId }
+        return InputSource.resolvePersistedIdentifier(preferences.browserAddressDefaultKeyboardId)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/Input Source Pro/Persistence/AppRule.swift b/Input Source Pro/Persistence/AppRule.swift
index f2b622b..ac979cf 100644
--- a/Input Source Pro/Persistence/AppRule.swift	
+++ b/Input Source Pro/Persistence/AppRule.swift	
@@ -11,9 +11,7 @@ extension AppRule {
 extension AppRule {
     @MainActor
     var forcedKeyboard: InputSource? {
-        guard let inputSourceId = inputSourceId else { return nil }
-
-        return InputSource.sources.first { $0.id == inputSourceId }
+        return InputSource.resolvePersistedIdentifier(inputSourceId)
     }
 
     var functionKeyMode: FKeyMode? {
diff --git a/Input Source Pro/Persistence/BrowserRule.swift b/Input Source Pro/Persistence/BrowserRule.swift
index d6579bc..e5d16ec 100644
--- a/Input Source Pro/Persistence/BrowserRule.swift	
+++ b/Input Source Pro/Persistence/BrowserRule.swift	
@@ -24,9 +24,7 @@ enum BrowserRuleType: Int32, CaseIterable {
 extension BrowserRule {
     @MainActor
     var forcedKeyboard: InputSource? {
-        guard let inputSourceId = inputSourceId else { return nil }
-
-        return InputSource.sources.first { $0.id == inputSourceId }
+        return InputSource.resolvePersistedIdentifier(inputSourceId)
     }
 
     var type: BrowserRuleType {
diff --git a/Input Source Pro/UI/Components/BrowserRuleEditView.swift b/Input Source Pro/UI/Components/BrowserRuleEditView.swift
index fad3f4c..224d9c0 100644
--- a/Input Source Pro/UI/Components/BrowserRuleEditView.swift	
+++ b/Input Source Pro/UI/Components/BrowserRuleEditView.swift	
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@ struct BrowserRuleEditView: View {
 
     var inputSourceItems: [PickerItem] {
         [PickerItem.empty]
-            + InputSource.sources.map { PickerItem(id: $0.id, title: $0.name, toolTip: $0.id) }
+            + InputSource.sources.map {
+                PickerItem(id: $0.persistentIdentifier, title: $0.name, toolTip: $0.persistentIdentifier)
+            }
     }
 
     var restoreStrategyItems: [PickerItem] {
@@ -199,7 +201,11 @@ struct BrowserRuleEditView: View {
             hideIndicator = rule?.hideIndicator ?? false
 
             if let inputSource = rule?.forcedKeyboard {
-                inputSourceItem = PickerItem(id: inputSource.id, title: inputSource.name, toolTip: inputSource.id)
+                inputSourceItem = PickerItem(
+                    id: inputSource.persistentIdentifier,
+                    title: inputSource.name,
+                    toolTip: inputSource.persistentIdentifier
+                )
             }
 
             if let keyboardRestoreStrategy = rule?.keyboardRestoreStrategy {
diff --git a/Input Source Pro/UI/Components/RulesApplicationDetail.swift b/Input Source Pro/UI/Components/RulesApplicationDetail.swift
index d97e77e..d105a42 100644
--- a/Input Source Pro/UI/Components/RulesApplicationDetail.swift	
+++ b/Input Source Pro/UI/Components/RulesApplicationDetail.swift	
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ struct ApplicationDetail: View {
     @State var functionKeyModeItem: PickerItem?
 
     var mixed: Bool {
-        Set(selectedApp.map { $0.forcedKeyboard?.id }).count > 1
+        Set(selectedApp.map { $0.forcedKeyboard?.persistentIdentifier }).count > 1
     }
 
     var isFunctionKeyModeMixed: Bool {
@@ -36,7 +36,9 @@ struct ApplicationDetail: View {
 
     var items: [PickerItem] {
         [mixed ? PickerItem.mixed : nil, PickerItem.empty].compactMap { $0 }
-            + InputSource.sources.map { PickerItem(id: $0.id, title: $0.name, toolTip: $0.id) }
+            + InputSource.sources.map {
+                PickerItem(id: $0.persistentIdentifier, title: $0.name, toolTip: $0.persistentIdentifier)
+            }
     }
 
     var functionKeyItems: [PickerItem] {
@@ -208,7 +210,11 @@ struct ApplicationDetail: View {
         if mixed {
             forceKeyboard = PickerItem.mixed
         } else if let keyboard = selectedApp.first?.forcedKeyboard {
-            forceKeyboard = PickerItem(id: keyboard.id, title: keyboard.name, toolTip: keyboard.id)
+            forceKeyboard = PickerItem(
+                id: keyboard.persistentIdentifier,
+                title: keyboard.name,
+                toolTip: keyboard.persistentIdentifier
+            )
         } else {
             forceKeyboard = PickerItem.empty
         }
diff --git a/Input Source Pro/UI/Screens/BrowserRulesSettingsView.swift b/Input Source Pro/UI/Screens/BrowserRulesSettingsView.swift
index e782765..9aec8c7 100644
--- a/Input Source Pro/UI/Screens/BrowserRulesSettingsView.swift	
+++ b/Input Source Pro/UI/Screens/BrowserRulesSettingsView.swift	
@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@ struct BrowserRulesSettingsView: View {
 
     var inputSourceItems: [PickerItem] {
         [PickerItem.empty]
-            + InputSource.sources.map { PickerItem(id: $0.id, title: $0.name, toolTip: $0.id) }
+            + InputSource.sources.map {
+                PickerItem(id: $0.persistentIdentifier, title: $0.name, toolTip: $0.persistentIdentifier)
+            }
     }
 
     var body: some View {
@@ -39,7 +41,9 @@ struct BrowserRulesSettingsView: View {
                     PopUpButtonPicker<PickerItem?>(
                         items: inputSourceItems,
                         width: 150,
-                        isItemSelected: { $0?.id == preferencesVM.preferences.browserAddressDefaultKeyboardId },
+                        isItemSelected: {
+                            $0?.id == (preferencesVM.browserAddressDefaultKeyboard?.persistentIdentifier ?? PickerItem.empty.id)
+                        },
                         getTitle: { $0?.title ?? "" },
                         getToolTip: { $0?.toolTip },
                         onSelect: handleBrowserAddressDefaultKeyboardSelect
diff --git a/Input Source Pro/UI/Screens/GeneralSettingsView.swift b/Input Source Pro/UI/Screens/GeneralSettingsView.swift
index 4fdc59e..cbd0ba5 100644
--- a/Input Source Pro/UI/Screens/GeneralSettingsView.swift	
+++ b/Input Source Pro/UI/Screens/GeneralSettingsView.swift	
@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@ struct GeneralSettingsView: View {
 
     var items: [PickerItem] {
         [PickerItem.empty]
-            + InputSource.sources.map { PickerItem(id: $0.id, title: $0.name, toolTip: $0.id) }
+            + InputSource.sources.map {
+                PickerItem(id: $0.persistentIdentifier, title: $0.name, toolTip: $0.persistentIdentifier)
+            }
     }
 
     var body: some View {
@@ -41,7 +43,9 @@ struct GeneralSettingsView: View {
 
                         PopUpButtonPicker<PickerItem?>(
                             items: items,
-                            isItemSelected: { $0?.id == preferencesVM.preferences.systemWideDefaultKeyboardId },
+                            isItemSelected: {
+                                $0?.id == (preferencesVM.systemWideDefaultKeyboard?.persistentIdentifier ?? PickerItem.empty.id)
+                            },
                             getTitle: { $0?.title ?? "" },
                             getToolTip: { $0?.toolTip },
                             onSelect: handleSystemWideDefaultKeyboardSelect
diff --git a/Input Source Pro/Utilities/AppKeyboardCache.swift b/Input Source Pro/Utilities/AppKeyboardCache.swift
index d2dc46b..b511ba4 100644
--- a/Input Source Pro/Utilities/AppKeyboardCache.swift	
+++ b/Input Source Pro/Utilities/AppKeyboardCache.swift	
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class AppKeyboardCache {
     func save(_ kind: AppKind, keyboard: InputSource?) {
         guard let id = kind.getId() else { return }
 
-        if let keyboardId = keyboard?.id {
+        if let keyboardId = keyboard?.persistentIdentifier {
             logger.debug { "Save \(id)#\(keyboardId)" }
             cache[id] = keyboardId
         }
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class AppKeyboardCache {
 
         logger.debug { "Retrieve \(id)#\(keyboardId)" }
 
-        return InputSource.sources.first { $0.id == keyboardId }
+        return InputSource.resolvePersistedIdentifier(keyboardId)
     }
 
     func clear() {
diff --git a/Input Source Pro/Utilities/AppKit/AppRuleMenuItem.swift b/Input Source Pro/Utilities/AppKit/AppRuleMenuItem.swift
index e6b6b02..78e9f59 100644
--- a/Input Source Pro/Utilities/AppKit/AppRuleMenuItem.swift	
+++ b/Input Source Pro/Utilities/AppKit/AppRuleMenuItem.swift	
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class AppRuleMenuItem: NSMenuItem {
     }
 
     @objc func forceKeyboard(_: Any) {
-        let inputSourceId = inputSource?.id ?? ""
+        let inputSourceId = inputSource?.persistentIdentifier ?? ""
 
         if let appCustomization = appCustomization {
             preferencesVM.setForceKeyboard(appCustomization, inputSourceId)
@@ -56,6 +56,6 @@ class AppRuleMenuItem: NSMenuItem {
     }
 
     func updateState() {
-        state = appCustomization?.inputSourceId == inputSource?.id ? .on : .off
+        state = appCustomization?.forcedKeyboard?.persistentIdentifier == inputSource?.persistentIdentifier ? .on : .off
     }
 }
diff --git a/Input Source Pro/Utilities/AppKit/BrowserRuleMenuItem.swift b/Input Source Pro/Utilities/AppKit/BrowserRuleMenuItem.swift
index 64b26c6..014680e 100644
--- a/Input Source Pro/Utilities/AppKit/BrowserRuleMenuItem.swift	
+++ b/Input Source Pro/Utilities/AppKit/BrowserRuleMenuItem.swift	
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class BrowserRuleMenuItem: NSMenuItem {
     }
 
     @objc func forceKeyboard(_: Any) {
-        let inputSourceId = inputSource?.id ?? ""
+        let inputSourceId = inputSource?.persistentIdentifier ?? ""
         let host = url.host ?? ""
 
         if let browserRule = browserRule {
@@ -69,6 +69,6 @@ class BrowserRuleMenuItem: NSMenuItem {
     }
 
     func updateState() {
-        state = browserRule?.inputSourceId == inputSource?.id ? .on : .off
+        state = browserRule?.forcedKeyboard?.persistentIdentifier == inputSource?.persistentIdentifier ? .on : .off
     }
 }
diff --git a/Input Source Pro/Utilities/InputSource/InputSource.swift b/Input Source Pro/Utilities/InputSource/InputSource.swift
index ff43d66..d1ca6ae 100644
--- a/Input Source Pro/Utilities/InputSource/InputSource.swift	
+++ b/Input Source Pro/Utilities/InputSource/InputSource.swift	
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import CryptoKit
 
 @MainActor
 class InputSource {
+    private static let persistentIdentifierSeparator = "::"
+
     static let logger = ISPLogger(
         category: "🤖 " + String(describing: InputSource.self),
         disabled: true
@@ -16,6 +18,13 @@ class InputSource {
     var id: String { tisInputSource.id }
     var name: String { tisInputSource.name }
     var inputModeID: String? { tisInputSource.inputModeID }
+    var persistentIdentifier: String {
+        if let inputModeID = normalizedInputModeID {
+            return "\(id)\(Self.persistentIdentifierSeparator)\(inputModeID)"
+        }
+
+        return id
+    }
 
     var isCJKVR: Bool {
         guard let lang = tisInputSource.sourceLanguages.first else { return false }
@@ -64,11 +73,16 @@ class InputSource {
     func select(useCJKVFix: Bool) {
         InputSourceSwitcher.switchToInputSource(self, useCJKVFix: useCJKVFix)
     }
+
+    private var normalizedInputModeID: String? {
+        guard let inputModeID, !inputModeID.isEmpty else { return nil }
+        return inputModeID
+    }
 }
 
 extension InputSource: @preconcurrency Equatable {
     static func == (lhs: InputSource, rhs: InputSource) -> Bool {
-        return lhs.id == rhs.id
+        return lhs.persistentIdentifier == rhs.persistentIdentifier
     }
 }
 
@@ -79,6 +93,47 @@ extension InputSource {
     static func getCurrentInputSource() -> InputSource {
         return InputSource(tisInputSource: TISCopyCurrentKeyboardInputSource().takeRetainedValue())
     }
+
+    static func resolvePersistedIdentifier(_ persistedIdentifier: String?) -> InputSource? {
+        guard let persistedIdentifier, !persistedIdentifier.isEmpty else { return nil }
+
+        let sources = Self.sources
+        let (sourceID, inputModeID) = splitPersistedIdentifier(persistedIdentifier)
+
+        if let inputModeID {
+            if let exactMatch = sources.first(where: { $0.persistentIdentifier == persistedIdentifier }) {
+                return exactMatch
+            }
+
+            if let modeMatch = sources.first(where: { $0.inputModeID == inputModeID }) {
+                return modeMatch
+            }
+        }
+
+        if let modeMatch = sources.first(where: { $0.inputModeID == persistedIdentifier }) {
+            return modeMatch
+        }
+
+        let matches = sources.filter { $0.id == sourceID }
+
+        guard !matches.isEmpty else { return nil }
+
+        if let inputModeID,
+           let modeMatch = matches.first(where: { $0.inputModeID == inputModeID })
+        {
+            return modeMatch
+        }
+
+        if matches.count > 1 {
+            logger.debug { "Ambiguous persisted input source identifier \(persistedIdentifier); preferring an input-mode match." }
+        }
+
+        if let preferredModeMatch = matches.first(where: { $0.inputModeID != nil }) {
+            return preferredModeMatch
+        }
+
+        return matches.first
+    }
 }
 
 extension InputSource {
@@ -98,6 +153,18 @@ extension InputSource {
     static func anotherCJKVSource(current: InputSource) -> InputSource? {
         return sources.first(where: { $0 != current && $0.isCJKVR })
     }
+
+    private static func splitPersistedIdentifier(_ persistedIdentifier: String) -> (sourceID: String, inputModeID: String?) {
+        let components = persistedIdentifier.components(separatedBy: persistentIdentifierSeparator)
+
+        guard components.count >= 2 else {
+            return (persistedIdentifier, nil)
+        }
+
+        let sourceID = components[0]
+        let inputModeID = components.dropFirst().joined(separator: persistentIdentifierSeparator)
+        return (sourceID, inputModeID.isEmpty ? nil : inputModeID)
+    }
 }
 
 private extension URL {
@@ -116,6 +183,6 @@ private extension URL {
 
 extension InputSource: @preconcurrency CustomStringConvertible {
     var description: String {
-        id
+        persistentIdentifier
     }
 }