Use timezone-aware UTC timestamps and return 200 from PUT in Flask REST parts 2-3

Replace the deprecated datetime.utcnow with datetime.now(timezone.utc)
in the models, and return the default 200 from people/notes update()
to match the documented PUT response.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

Author: realpython-bot

flask-connexion-rest-part-2/rp_flask_api/models.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
 
 from config import db, ma
 
@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ class Person(db.Model):
     lname = db.Column(db.String(32), unique=True)
     fname = db.Column(db.String(32))
     timestamp = db.Column(
-        db.DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow, onupdate=datetime.utcnow
+        db.DateTime,
+        default=lambda: datetime.now(timezone.utc),
+        onupdate=lambda: datetime.now(timezone.utc),
     )
 
 

flask-connexion-rest-part-2/rp_flask_api/people.py

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ def update(lname, person):
         existing_person.fname = update_person.fname
         db.session.merge(existing_person)
         db.session.commit()
-        return person_schema.dump(existing_person), 201
+        return person_schema.dump(existing_person)
     else:
         abort(404, f"Person with last name {lname} not found")
 

flask-connexion-rest-part-3/rp_flask_api/models.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
 
 from config import db, ma
 from marshmallow_sqlalchemy import fields
@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ class Note(db.Model):
     person_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey("person.id"))
     content = db.Column(db.String, nullable=False)
     timestamp = db.Column(
-        db.DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow, onupdate=datetime.utcnow
+        db.DateTime,
+        default=lambda: datetime.now(timezone.utc),
+        onupdate=lambda: datetime.now(timezone.utc),
     )
 
 
@@ -28,7 +30,9 @@ class Person(db.Model):
     lname = db.Column(db.String(32), unique=True)
     fname = db.Column(db.String(32))
     timestamp = db.Column(
-        db.DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow, onupdate=datetime.utcnow
+        db.DateTime,
+        default=lambda: datetime.now(timezone.utc),
+        onupdate=lambda: datetime.now(timezone.utc),
     )
 
     notes = db.relationship(

flask-connexion-rest-part-3/rp_flask_api/notes.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ def update(note_id, note):
         existing_note.content = update_note.content
         db.session.merge(existing_note)
         db.session.commit()
-        return note_schema.dump(existing_note), 201
+        return note_schema.dump(existing_note)
     else:
         abort(404, f"Note with ID {note_id} not found")
 

flask-connexion-rest-part-3/rp_flask_api/people.py

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ def update(lname, person):
         existing_person.fname = update_person.fname
         db.session.merge(existing_person)
         db.session.commit()
-        return person_schema.dump(existing_person), 201
+        return person_schema.dump(existing_person)
     else:
         abort(404, f"Person with last name {lname} not found")