diff --git a/src/display/editor/tools.js b/src/display/editor/tools.js
index af98c6940ae81..a6fc40677a8c1 100644
--- a/src/display/editor/tools.js
+++ b/src/display/editor/tools.js
@@ -1480,8 +1480,12 @@ class AnnotationEditorUIManager {
     if (!boxes) {
       return;
     }
+    const parent = textLayer.parentElement;
+    if (!parent) {
+      return;
+    }
     this.#floatingToolbar ||= new FloatingToolbar(this);
-    this.#floatingToolbar.show(textLayer, boxes, this.direction === "ltr");
+    this.#floatingToolbar.show(parent, boxes, this.direction === "ltr");
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/test/integration/freetext_editor_spec.mjs b/test/integration/freetext_editor_spec.mjs
index 35aaa2e72bd9b..614da115ed59d 100644
--- a/test/integration/freetext_editor_spec.mjs
+++ b/test/integration/freetext_editor_spec.mjs
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ import {
   awaitPromise,
   clearEditors,
   closePages,
+  commit,
   copy,
   copyToClipboard,
-  countSerialized,
-  countStorageEntries,
+  createFreeTextEditor,
   createPromise,
   dragAndDrop,
   firstPageOnTop,
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ import {
   getEditors,
   getEditorSelector,
   getFirstSerialized,
-  getNextEditorId,
   getRect,
   getSerialized,
   isCanvasMonochrome,
@@ -67,55 +66,8 @@ const selectAll = selectEditors.bind(null, "freeText");
 
 const clearAll = clearEditors.bind(null, "freeText");
 
-const commit = async page => {
-  await page.keyboard.press("Escape");
-  await page.waitForSelector(".freeTextEditor.selectedEditor .overlay.enabled");
-};
-
 const switchToFreeText = switchToEditor.bind(null, "FreeText");
 
-const cancelFocusIn = async (page, selector) => {
-  page.evaluate(sel => {
-    const el = document.querySelector(sel);
-    el.addEventListener(
-      "focusin",
-      evt => {
-        evt.preventDefault();
-        evt.stopPropagation();
-      },
-      { capture: true, once: true }
-    );
-  }, selector);
-};
-
-const createFreeTextEditor = async ({
-  page,
-  x,
-  y,
-  data = null,
-  noFocusIn = false,
-}) => {
-  const editorSelector = getEditorSelector(await getNextEditorId(page));
-  const serializedCount = await countSerialized(page);
-  const storageEntriesCount = await countStorageEntries(page);
-
-  await page.mouse.click(x, y);
-  await page.waitForSelector(editorSelector, { visible: true });
-  if (data) {
-    await page.type(`${editorSelector} .internal`, data);
-  }
-  if (noFocusIn) {
-    await cancelFocusIn(page, editorSelector);
-  }
-  await commit(page);
-
-  await waitForSelectedEditor(page, editorSelector);
-  await waitForStorageEntries(page, storageEntriesCount + 1);
-  await waitForSerialized(page, serializedCount + 1);
-
-  return editorSelector;
-};
-
 describe("FreeText Editor", () => {
   describe("FreeText", () => {
     let pages;
diff --git a/test/integration/highlight_editor_spec.mjs b/test/integration/highlight_editor_spec.mjs
index f13ad2d8ced8e..8600b904b1234 100644
--- a/test/integration/highlight_editor_spec.mjs
+++ b/test/integration/highlight_editor_spec.mjs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 import {
   awaitPromise,
   closePages,
+  createFreeTextEditor,
   getAnnotationSelector,
   getEditorSelector,
   getFirstSerialized,
@@ -53,6 +54,8 @@ const selectAll = selectEditors.bind(null, "highlight");
 
 const switchToHighlight = switchToEditor.bind(null, "Highlight");
 
+const switchToFreeText = switchToEditor.bind(null, "FreeText");
+
 describe("Highlight Editor", () => {
   describe("Editor must be removed without exception", () => {
     let pages;
@@ -2931,4 +2934,131 @@ describe("Highlight Editor", () => {
       });
     });
   });
+
+  describe("editToolbar is rendering over annotations", () => {
+    let pages;
+
+    beforeEach(async () => {
+      pages = await loadAndWait(
+        "toolbar-overlap-with-annotations.pdf",
+        ".annotationEditorLayer",
+        120
+      );
+    });
+
+    afterEach(async () => {
+      await closePages(pages);
+    });
+
+    it("must check that the edit toolbar is rendered above link annotations", async () => {
+      await Promise.all(
+        pages.map(async ([browserName, page]) => {
+          await page.waitForSelector(
+            `.page[data-page-number = "1"] .textLayer .endOfContent`
+          );
+
+          const linkSelector = `a[href="https://github.com/mozilla/pdf.js"]`;
+          const linkRect = await getRect(page, linkSelector);
+
+          const topElementId = await page.evaluate(
+            (px, py) => document.elementFromPoint(px, py)?.id || null,
+            linkRect.x + linkRect.width / 2,
+            linkRect.y + linkRect.height / 2
+          );
+          expect(topElementId)
+            .withContext(`In ${browserName}`)
+            .toEqual("pdfjs_internal_id_14R");
+
+          // Select some text to show the floating toolbar.
+          const firstRect = await getSpanRectFromText(page, 1, "A:");
+          await page.mouse.click(firstRect.x, firstRect.y, {
+            count: 2,
+            delay: 100,
+          });
+
+          const highlightButtonSelector = `.page[data-page-number = "1"] .editToolbar button.highlightButton`;
+          await page.waitForSelector(highlightButtonSelector, {
+            visible: true,
+          });
+
+          const topElementClass = await page.evaluate(
+            (px, py) => document.elementFromPoint(px, py)?.className || null,
+            linkRect.x,
+            linkRect.y
+          );
+          expect(topElementClass)
+            .withContext(`In ${browserName}`)
+            .toContain("highlightButton");
+        })
+      );
+    });
+
+    it("must check that the edit toolbar is rendered above text annotations", async () => {
+      await Promise.all(
+        pages.map(async ([browserName, page]) => {
+          await switchToFreeText(page);
+
+          const myText = await getSpanRectFromText(page, 1, "My text");
+          // "CHECK" is roughly 50px wide at the default font size and
+          // "CHECK" roughly aligned with the end of "Languages".
+          const editorSelector = await createFreeTextEditor({
+            page,
+            x: myText.x + myText.width / 2,
+            y: myText.y + myText.height + 20,
+            data: "CHECK",
+          });
+
+          const freeTextRect = await getRect(page, editorSelector);
+          const freeTextTopElement = await page.evaluate(
+            (px, py) =>
+              document.elementFromPoint(px, py)?.getAttribute("data-l10n-id") ||
+              null,
+            freeTextRect.x + freeTextRect.width / 2,
+            freeTextRect.y + freeTextRect.height / 2
+          );
+          expect(freeTextTopElement)
+            .withContext(`In ${browserName}`)
+            .toEqual("pdfjs-free-text2");
+
+          // Close the text editor.
+          await switchToFreeText(page, /* disable */ true);
+
+          // Double click on "myText" to show the floating toolbar.
+          await page.mouse.click(
+            myText.x + myText.width / 2,
+            myText.y + myText.height / 2,
+            { count: 2, delay: 100 }
+          );
+
+          const toolbarSelector = `.page[data-page-number = "1"] .editToolbar:has(button.highlightButton)`;
+          const highlightButtonSelector = `${toolbarSelector} button.highlightButton`;
+          await page.waitForSelector(highlightButtonSelector, {
+            visible: true,
+          });
+
+          let topElement = await page.evaluate(
+            (px, py) => document.elementFromPoint(px, py)?.className || null,
+            freeTextRect.x + freeTextRect.width / 2,
+            freeTextRect.y + freeTextRect.height / 2
+          );
+          expect(topElement)
+            .withContext(`In ${browserName}`)
+            .toContain("highlightButton");
+
+          // Re-open the text editor without dismissing the floating toolbar,
+          // so both are present on the page at the same time.
+          await switchToFreeText(page);
+
+          topElement = await page.evaluate(
+            (px, py) => document.elementFromPoint(px, py)?.className || null,
+            freeTextRect.x + freeTextRect.width / 2,
+            freeTextRect.y + freeTextRect.height / 2
+          );
+          expect(topElement)
+            .withContext(`In ${browserName}`)
+            .toContain("highlightButton");
+        })
+      );
+    });
+  });
 });
diff --git a/test/integration/test_utils.mjs b/test/integration/test_utils.mjs
index 5999c202d2ef8..52211b43b334e 100644
--- a/test/integration/test_utils.mjs
+++ b/test/integration/test_utils.mjs
@@ -432,6 +432,53 @@ async function waitForUnselectedEditor(page, selector) {
   return page.waitForSelector(`${selector}:not(.selectedEditor)`);
 }
 
+async function commit(page) {
+  await page.keyboard.press("Escape");
+  await page.waitForSelector(".freeTextEditor.selectedEditor .overlay.enabled");
+}
+
+async function cancelFocusIn(page, selector) {
+  page.evaluate(sel => {
+    const el = document.querySelector(sel);
+    el.addEventListener(
+      "focusin",
+      evt => {
+        evt.preventDefault();
+        evt.stopPropagation();
+      },
+      { capture: true, once: true }
+    );
+  }, selector);
+}
+
+async function createFreeTextEditor({
+  page,
+  x,
+  y,
+  data = null,
+  noFocusIn = false,
+}) {
+  const editorSelector = getEditorSelector(await getNextEditorId(page));
+  const serializedCount = await countSerialized(page);
+  const storageEntriesCount = await countStorageEntries(page);
+
+  await page.mouse.click(x, y);
+  await page.waitForSelector(editorSelector, { visible: true });
+  if (data) {
+    await page.type(`${editorSelector} .internal`, data);
+  }
+  if (noFocusIn) {
+    await cancelFocusIn(page, editorSelector);
+  }
+  await commit(page);
+
+  await waitForSelectedEditor(page, editorSelector);
+  await waitForStorageEntries(page, storageEntriesCount + 1);
+  await waitForSerialized(page, serializedCount + 1);
+
+  return editorSelector;
+}
+
 async function mockClipboard(pages) {
   return Promise.all(
     pages.map(async ([_, page]) => {
@@ -1189,10 +1236,12 @@ export {
   clearInput,
   closePages,
   closeSinglePage,
+  commit,
   copy,
   copyToClipboard,
   countSerialized,
   countStorageEntries,
+  createFreeTextEditor,
   createPromise,
   createPromiseWithArgs,
   dragAndDrop,
diff --git a/test/pdfs/.gitignore b/test/pdfs/.gitignore
index 8148a5d3202a4..afc428856435c 100644
--- a/test/pdfs/.gitignore
+++ b/test/pdfs/.gitignore
@@ -492,6 +492,7 @@
 !issue11473.pdf
 !bug1001080.pdf
 !issue15716.pdf
+!toolbar-overlap-with-annotations.pdf
 !bug1671312_reduced.pdf
 !bug1671312_ArialNarrow.pdf
 !issue17848.pdf
diff --git a/test/pdfs/toolbar-overlap-with-annotations.pdf b/test/pdfs/toolbar-overlap-with-annotations.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..4c2f9776a8c9d
Binary files /dev/null and b/test/pdfs/toolbar-overlap-with-annotations.pdf differ
diff --git a/test/test_manifest.json b/test/test_manifest.json
index 05dea0a73d430..12809a59387c5 100644
--- a/test/test_manifest.json
+++ b/test/test_manifest.json
@@ -1387,6 +1387,13 @@
     "rounds": 1,
     "type": "eq"
   },
+  {
+    "id": "toolbar-overlap-with-annotations",
+    "file": "pdfs/toolbar-overlap-with-annotations.pdf",
+    "md5": "33f76794ba75dfcf0938267c25b8df14",
+    "rounds": 1,
+    "type": "eq"
+  },
   {
     "id": "unix01-partial",
     "file": "pdfs/unix01.pdf",
diff --git a/web/annotation_editor_layer_builder.css b/web/annotation_editor_layer_builder.css
index 13f4768c4d334..7801fd64ace5e 100644
--- a/web/annotation_editor_layer_builder.css
+++ b/web/annotation_editor_layer_builder.css
@@ -122,6 +122,7 @@
   font-size: calc(100px * var(--total-scale-factor));
   transform-origin: 0 0;
   cursor: auto;
+  isolation: isolate;
 
   .selectedEditor {
     z-index: 100000 !important;
@@ -241,7 +242,7 @@
     .highlightEditor,
     .signatureEditor
   ),
-.textLayer {
+.page {
   .editToolbar {
     --editor-toolbar-delete-image: url(images/editor-toolbar-delete.svg);
     --editor-toolbar-bg-color: light-dark(#f0f0f4, #2b2a33);
@@ -329,6 +330,8 @@
     position: absolute;
     inset-inline-end: 0;
     inset-block-start: calc(100% + var(--editor-toolbar-vert-offset));
+    z-index: 2;
+    isolation: isolate;
 
     border-radius: 6px;
     background-color: var(--editor-toolbar-bg-color);
diff --git a/web/annotation_layer_builder.css b/web/annotation_layer_builder.css
index af3a2af245a5d..9737b7e322e43 100644
--- a/web/annotation_layer_builder.css
+++ b/web/annotation_layer_builder.css
@@ -79,6 +79,8 @@
   left: 0;
   pointer-events: none;
   transform-origin: 0 0;
+  z-index: 1;
+  isolation: isolate;
 
   &[data-main-rotation="90"] .norotate {
     transform: rotate(270deg) translateX(-100%);