diff --git a/common/changes/eslint-plugin-tsdoc/eslint-7-filename-fallback_2026-10-07-18-30.json b/common/changes/eslint-plugin-tsdoc/eslint-7-filename-fallback_2026-10-07-18-30.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..64f6fcbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/changes/eslint-plugin-tsdoc/eslint-7-filename-fallback_2026-10-07-18-30.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "changes": [
+    {
+      "packageName": "eslint-plugin-tsdoc",
+      "comment": "Fix an \"Unexpected exception ... Received undefined\" warning on ESLint versions that do not define `context.filename` by falling back to `context.getFilename()`.",
+      "type": "patch"
+    }
+  ],
+  "packageName": "eslint-plugin-tsdoc"
+}
diff --git a/eslint-plugin/src/index.ts b/eslint-plugin/src/index.ts
index ab0c35ae..d936b343 100644
--- a/eslint-plugin/src/index.ts
+++ b/eslint-plugin/src/index.ts
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ const plugin: IPlugin = {
         }
       },
       create: (context: eslint.Rule.RuleContext) => {
-        const sourceFilePath: string = context.filename;
+        const sourceFilePath: string = context.filename ?? context.getFilename();
         // If eslint is configured with @typescript-eslint/parser, there is a parser option
         // to explicitly specify where the tsconfig file is. Use that if available.
         const tsConfigDir: string | undefined = getRootDirectoryFromContext(
diff --git a/eslint-plugin/src/tests/plugin.test.ts b/eslint-plugin/src/tests/plugin.test.ts
index 976ac9ce..39382ac2 100644
--- a/eslint-plugin/src/tests/plugin.test.ts
+++ b/eslint-plugin/src/tests/plugin.test.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 // See LICENSE in the project root for license information.
 
 import { RuleTester } from 'eslint';
+import type * as eslint from 'eslint';
+import * as os from 'node:os';
+import * as path from 'node:path';
 import * as plugin from '../index';
 
 const ruleTester: RuleTester = new RuleTester();
@@ -30,3 +33,92 @@ ruleTester.run('"tsdoc/syntax" rule', plugin.rules.syntax, {
     }
   ]
 });
+
+interface ITestReportDescriptor {
+  messageId?: string;
+}
+
+// A SourceCode stub exposing only the members that the "tsdoc/syntax" rule reads.
+function createSourceCode(code: string): eslint.SourceCode {
+  const commentEndIndex: number = code.indexOf('*/') + 2;
+  return {
+    text: code,
+    getAllComments: () => [{ type: 'Block', range: [0, commentEndIndex] }],
+    getLocFromIndex: (index: number) => {
+      const lines: string[] = code.slice(0, index).split('\n');
+      return { line: lines.length, column: lines[lines.length - 1].length };
+    }
+  } as unknown as eslint.SourceCode;
+}
+
+function runRule(context: eslint.Rule.RuleContext): void {
+  const listeners: eslint.Rule.RuleListener = plugin.rules.syntax.create(context);
+  (listeners.Program as () => void)();
+}
+
+test('"tsdoc/syntax" rule supports a method-only ESLint 7 style rule context', () => {
+  const code: string = '/**\n * A great function!\n */\nfunction foobar() {}\n';
+  const sourceFileFolder: string = os.tmpdir();
+  const sourceFilePath: string = path.join(sourceFileFolder, 'method-only-context.ts');
+  const reportedMessageIds: (string | undefined)[] = [];
+
+  // ESLint 7 provides getFilename(), getSourceCode(), and getCwd(), but does not
+  // define the filename, sourceCode, and cwd properties.
+  const context: eslint.Rule.RuleContext = {
+    getFilename: () => sourceFilePath,
+    getSourceCode: () => createSourceCode(code),
+    getCwd: () => sourceFileFolder,
+    parserOptions: {},
+    report: (descriptor: ITestReportDescriptor) => {
+      reportedMessageIds.push(descriptor.messageId);
+    }
+  } as unknown as eslint.Rule.RuleContext;
+
+  runRule(context);
+
+  expect(reportedMessageIds).toEqual([]);
+});
+
+test('"tsdoc/syntax" rule reports TSDoc errors with a method-only ESLint 7 style rule context', () => {
+  const code: string = '/**\n * This `is wrong\n */\nfunction foobar() {}\n';
+  const sourceFileFolder: string = os.tmpdir();
+  const sourceFilePath: string = path.join(sourceFileFolder, 'method-only-context.ts');
+  const reportedMessageIds: (string | undefined)[] = [];
+
+  const context: eslint.Rule.RuleContext = {
+    getFilename: () => sourceFilePath,
+    getSourceCode: () => createSourceCode(code),
+    getCwd: () => sourceFileFolder,
+    parserOptions: {},
+    report: (descriptor: ITestReportDescriptor) => {
+      reportedMessageIds.push(descriptor.messageId);
+    }
+  } as unknown as eslint.Rule.RuleContext;
+
+  runRule(context);
+
+  expect(reportedMessageIds).toEqual(['tsdoc-code-span-missing-delimiter']);
+});
+
+test('"tsdoc/syntax" rule supports a property-only rule context', () => {
+  const code: string = '/**\n * A great function!\n */\nfunction foobar() {}\n';
+  const sourceFileFolder: string = os.tmpdir();
+  const sourceFilePath: string = path.join(sourceFileFolder, 'property-only-context.ts');
+  const reportedMessageIds: (string | undefined)[] = [];
+
+  // Newer ESLint versions expose the filename, sourceCode, and cwd properties and
+  // may drop the deprecated getFilename(), getSourceCode(), and getCwd() methods.
+  const context: eslint.Rule.RuleContext = {
+    filename: sourceFilePath,
+    sourceCode: createSourceCode(code),
+    cwd: sourceFileFolder,
+    parserOptions: {},
+    report: (descriptor: ITestReportDescriptor) => {
+      reportedMessageIds.push(descriptor.messageId);
+    }
+  } as unknown as eslint.Rule.RuleContext;
+
+  runRule(context);
+
+  expect(reportedMessageIds).toEqual([]);
+});