diff --git a/.agents/docs/2026-06-24-offline-first-index-and-mcpp-index-publish.md b/.agents/docs/2026-06-24-offline-first-index-and-mcpp-index-publish.md
index 52ab02c..f3c2b6b 100644
--- a/.agents/docs/2026-06-24-offline-first-index-and-mcpp-index-publish.md
+++ b/.agents/docs/2026-06-24-offline-first-index-and-mcpp-index-publish.md
@@ -112,6 +112,26 @@ mcpp 第一次跑 / 沙盒初始化时(当前日志:`Initialize mcpp sandbox lay
 3. **P2(发布解耦)**:mcpp-index 仓加 artifact 发布 CI + mcpp 侧 artifact 拉取(与
    xim-pkgindex 对齐)。
 
+### 4.1 实现进度(WS3)
+
+- **✅ P0②(build 离线优先 + 缺包触发刷新)**:`ensure_official_package_index_fresh`(`src/xlings.cppm`)
+  不再因 TTL 过期就跑联网 `xlings update`。改为 **miss-triggered**:
+  - **依赖在本地索引里 → 直接用,零网络**(常态 build,消除 Termux 首跑/构建卡几分钟的根因);
+  - **依赖在本地索引里查不到 → 自动刷新一次**去拉它(`mcpp build` 路径以 `quiet=false` 调用,
+    打印一行 `Refreshing package index — \`<pkg>\` not found locally`,让一次性网络停顿不像卡死)。
+  - **防重**:刚刷过(<120s)且包仍缺失 → 不再重复跑 `xlings update`(上游确实没有,重拉无益),
+    避免一个 build 里多个缺包各跑一遍全量 git 同步。
+  commit `f0f57ae`(初版纯离线)→ 增补 miss-triggered + 防重 + 可见提示。
+  > 即"完全不联网"过严;稳态(依赖齐全)不联网,**缺包则联网刷一次**,二者兼得。
+- **✅ P0③(`mcpp index status`)**:新增只读、**全程不联网**的 `mcpp index status`,显示
+  xim/mcpplibs 两索引的 present/fresh/age/path;缺索引时提示显式 `mcpp index update`,否则确认本地可离线用。
+  `src/xlings.cppm` 导出 `IndexStatus` + `{default,official}_index_status`;`src/pm/index_management.cppm`
+  `index_status()`;CLI 接线 + e2e `tests/e2e/75_index_status_offline.sh`(commit `ba92265`)。
+- **P0①(seed 内置索引)**:暂沿用"缺则自动拉一次"(已满足首次保证有索引);随发行版捎带 seed 快照为后续优化。
+- **P1 / P2(指针 sha 比对 + mcpp 侧 artifact 拉取)**:mcpp-index 发布侧已就绪(WS2,资源仓
+  `xlings-res/mcpp-index` push 触发发 artifact + 指针);mcpp 客户端的 artifact 拉取/比对为后续 PR。
+  当前闭环经 git 路径已可用(稳态离线、缺包显式刷新)。
+
 ---
 
 ## 4.5 追加计划:first-init 细粒度带时间戳 debug log(WS5)
diff --git a/src/cli.cppm b/src/cli.cppm
index 5992c9a..e456278 100644
--- a/src/cli.cppm
+++ b/src/cli.cppm
@@ -354,6 +354,8 @@ int run(int argc, char** argv) {
             .subcommand(cl::App("update")
                 .description("Refresh local registry clones")
                 .arg(cl::Arg("name").help("If given, update only this index")))
+            .subcommand(cl::App("status")
+                .description("Show local index presence/freshness (offline)"))
             .subcommand(cl::App("pin")
                 .description("Pin a custom index to a commit rev in mcpp.toml")
                 .arg(cl::Arg("name").help("Index name").required())
@@ -367,6 +369,7 @@ int run(int argc, char** argv) {
                     {"add",    cmd_index_add},
                     {"remove", cmd_index_remove},
                     {"update", cmd_index_update},
+                    {"status", cmd_index_status},
                     {"pin",    cmd_index_pin},
                     {"unpin",  cmd_index_unpin},
                 });
diff --git a/src/cli/cmd_registry.cppm b/src/cli/cmd_registry.cppm
index 4fdefea..158ab76 100644
--- a/src/cli/cmd_registry.cppm
+++ b/src/cli/cmd_registry.cppm
@@ -50,6 +50,10 @@ export int cmd_index_update(const mcpplibs::cmdline::ParsedArgs& parsed) {
     return mcpp::pm::index_update(parsed.positional(0));
 }
 
+export int cmd_index_status(const mcpplibs::cmdline::ParsedArgs& /*parsed*/) {
+    return mcpp::pm::index_status();
+}
+
 export int cmd_index_pin(const mcpplibs::cmdline::ParsedArgs& parsed) {
     std::string name = parsed.positional(0);
     if (name.empty()) {
diff --git a/src/pm/index_management.cppm b/src/pm/index_management.cppm
index 465ef2a..715cf73 100644
--- a/src/pm/index_management.cppm
+++ b/src/pm/index_management.cppm
@@ -154,6 +154,47 @@ export int index_update(const std::string& filterName) {
     return 0;
 }
 
+// `mcpp index status` — read-only, offline snapshot of the local indexes.
+// Never touches the network: reports presence/freshness/age and, when an
+// index is missing or stale, points at the explicit `mcpp index update`.
+export int index_status() {
+    auto cfg = mcpp::config::load_or_init(/*quiet=*/false, mcpp::fetcher::make_bootstrap_progress_callback());
+    if (!cfg) { mcpp::ui::error(cfg.error().message); return 4; }
+    auto xlEnv = mcpp::config::make_xlings_env(*cfg);
+
+    auto fmt_age = [](std::int64_t s) -> std::string {
+        if (s < 0)      return "unknown";
+        if (s < 90)     return std::format("{}s ago", s);
+        if (s < 5400)   return std::format("{}m ago", s / 60);
+        if (s < 172800) return std::format("{}h ago", s / 3600);
+        return std::format("{}d ago", s / 86400);
+    };
+    auto show = [&](const char* label, const mcpp::xlings::IndexStatus& st) {
+        std::string state = !st.present ? "missing"
+                          :  st.fresh   ? "fresh"
+                          :              "stale";
+        std::println("  {:<10} {:<8} {:<12} {}",
+                     label, state, fmt_age(st.ageSeconds), st.dir.string());
+    };
+
+    auto official = mcpp::xlings::official_index_status(xlEnv, cfg->searchTtlSeconds);
+    auto deflt    = mcpp::xlings::default_index_status(xlEnv, cfg->searchTtlSeconds);
+
+    std::println("");
+    std::println("  {:<10} {:<8} {:<12} {}", "index", "state", "refreshed", "path");
+    show("xim", official);
+    show("mcpplibs", deflt);
+    std::println("");
+
+    bool anyMissing = !official.present || !deflt.present;
+    if (anyMissing) {
+        mcpp::ui::status("Hint", "an index is missing — run `mcpp index update` to fetch it");
+    } else {
+        std::println("  Up to date locally. Refresh on demand with `mcpp index update`.");
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
 // `mcpp index pin <name> [<rev>]` — empty rev falls back to mcpp.lock.
 export int index_pin(const std::string& name, std::string rev) {
     auto root = mcpp::project::find_manifest_root(std::filesystem::current_path());
diff --git a/src/pm/package_fetcher.cppm b/src/pm/package_fetcher.cppm
index 473f257..1e9a2d2 100644
--- a/src/pm/package_fetcher.cppm
+++ b/src/pm/package_fetcher.cppm
@@ -725,8 +725,13 @@ Fetcher::resolve_xpkg_path(std::string_view target,
     if (autoInstall) {
         if (parsed.indexName == "xim") {
             mcpp::xlings::Env xlEnv{ cfg_.xlingsBinary, cfg_.xlingsHome() };
+            // quiet=false: this only ever prints when a dependency is missing
+            // from the local index and we refresh once to fetch it — a rare,
+            // intentional event worth surfacing so a one-time network pause
+            // doesn't look like a silent hang. Steady-state builds (deps
+            // present) return early without a word.
             mcpp::xlings::ensure_official_package_index_fresh(
-                xlEnv, parsed.packageName, cfg_.searchTtlSeconds, /*quiet=*/true);
+                xlEnv, parsed.packageName, cfg_.searchTtlSeconds, /*quiet=*/false);
         }
 
         std::vector<std::string> targets {
diff --git a/src/xlings.cppm b/src/xlings.cppm
index 55abb65..c30a1f3 100644
--- a/src/xlings.cppm
+++ b/src/xlings.cppm
@@ -293,6 +293,18 @@ void ensure_official_package_index_fresh(const Env& env,
                                          std::int64_t ttlSeconds,
                                          bool quiet = false);
 
+// ─── Index status (read-only, offline) ──────────────────────────────
+// Snapshot of a local index directory — computed without touching the
+// network, for `mcpp index status`.
+struct IndexStatus {
+    std::filesystem::path dir;        // on-disk index directory
+    bool                  present;    // pkgs/ tree exists locally
+    bool                  fresh;      // refreshed within ttlSeconds
+    std::int64_t          ageSeconds; // since last refresh marker, -1 if unknown
+};
+IndexStatus default_index_status(const Env& env, std::int64_t ttlSeconds);
+IndexStatus official_index_status(const Env& env, std::int64_t ttlSeconds);
+
 // ─── run_capture utility ────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 std::expected<std::string, std::string> run_capture(const std::string& cmd);
@@ -401,6 +413,29 @@ bool is_index_dir_fresh(const std::filesystem::path& indexDir, std::int64_t ttlS
     return age.count() < ttlSeconds;
 }
 
+// Seconds since the index's refresh marker was last touched, or -1 if the
+// marker is missing/unreadable. Read-only — no network, no side effects.
+std::int64_t index_age_seconds(const std::filesystem::path& indexDir) {
+    std::error_code ec;
+    auto marker = index_refresh_marker(indexDir);
+    auto newest = std::filesystem::last_write_time(marker, ec);
+    if (ec) return -1;
+    auto now = std::filesystem::file_time_type::clock::now();
+    return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(now - newest).count();
+}
+
+IndexStatus index_status_for(const std::filesystem::path& indexDir,
+                             std::int64_t ttlSeconds) {
+    std::error_code ec;
+    bool present = std::filesystem::exists(index_pkgs_dir(indexDir), ec) && !ec;
+    return IndexStatus{
+        .dir        = indexDir,
+        .present    = present,
+        .fresh      = is_index_dir_fresh(indexDir, ttlSeconds),
+        .ageSeconds = index_age_seconds(indexDir),
+    };
+}
+
 void write_file(const std::filesystem::path& p, std::string_view content) {
     std::error_code ec;
     std::filesystem::create_directories(p.parent_path(), ec);
@@ -1167,6 +1202,14 @@ bool is_official_index_fresh(const Env& env, std::int64_t ttlSeconds) {
     return is_index_dir_fresh(official_index_dir(env), ttlSeconds);
 }
 
+IndexStatus default_index_status(const Env& env, std::int64_t ttlSeconds) {
+    return index_status_for(default_index_dir(env), ttlSeconds);
+}
+
+IndexStatus official_index_status(const Env& env, std::int64_t ttlSeconds) {
+    return index_status_for(official_index_dir(env), ttlSeconds);
+}
+
 bool is_official_package_index_fresh(const Env& env,
                                      std::string_view packageName,
                                      std::int64_t ttlSeconds) {
@@ -1203,12 +1246,35 @@ void ensure_official_index_fresh(const Env& env, std::int64_t ttlSeconds, bool q
 
 void ensure_official_package_index_fresh(const Env& env,
                                          std::string_view packageName,
-                                         std::int64_t ttlSeconds,
+                                         [[maybe_unused]] std::int64_t ttlSeconds,
                                          bool quiet) {
-    if (is_official_package_index_fresh(env, packageName, ttlSeconds)) return;
+    // Offline-first, miss-triggered. We do NOT auto-update just because a TTL
+    // expired — that runs a network `xlings update` (git-syncs several index
+    // repos) that stalls for minutes on slow/blocked networks (the Termux
+    // first-run / build hang). But fully offline is too strict: if a requested
+    // dependency is NOT in the local index, we DO refresh once to discover it.
+    //
+    //   present locally  → use as-is, zero network (the common build case).
+    //   missing locally  → refresh once to try to fetch it.
+    //
+    // Routine, deps-already-present refresh stays the user's explicit
+    // `mcpp index update` / `xlings update`.
+    auto pkg = official_package_file(env, packageName);
+    if (!pkg.empty() && std::filesystem::exists(pkg)) return;
+
+    // The package is missing locally. Refresh once — but guard against a build
+    // that resolves several genuinely-absent packages re-running the heavy
+    // `xlings update` per package: if the index was refreshed moments ago and
+    // the package is STILL missing, upstream simply lacks it; re-pulling won't
+    // help. (A package added upstream before this run lands in that one pull.)
+    constexpr std::int64_t kJustRefreshedSeconds = 120;
+    if (is_official_index_fresh(env, kJustRefreshedSeconds)) return;
+
     if (!quiet)
-        print_status("Updating", "package index (auto-refresh)");
-    update_index(env, /*quiet=*/true);
+        print_status("Refreshing",
+            std::format("package index — `{}` not found locally (one-time)",
+                        packageName));
+    update_index(env, /*quiet=*/quiet);
 }
 
 } // namespace mcpp::xlings
diff --git a/tests/e2e/75_index_status_offline.sh b/tests/e2e/75_index_status_offline.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4f9cc2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/e2e/75_index_status_offline.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# requires:
+# `mcpp index status` is a read-only, offline snapshot of the local indexes.
+# After a successful init it reports both indexes present, and a second run
+# needs no network (steady-state commands are offline once init succeeded).
+set -e
+
+TMP=$(mktemp -d)
+trap "rm -rf $TMP" EXIT
+
+export MCPP_HOME="$TMP/mcpp-home"
+
+# init (this is the one place a first run may fetch the index)
+"$MCPP" self env > /dev/null
+
+# status: exits 0, prints the table header + both index rows
+out=$("$MCPP" index status 2>&1)
+[[ "$out" == *"xim"* ]]      || { echo "index status missing xim row: $out"; exit 1; }
+[[ "$out" == *"mcpplibs"* ]] || { echo "index status missing mcpplibs row: $out"; exit 1; }
+[[ "$out" == *"refreshed"* ]] || { echo "index status missing header: $out"; exit 1; }
+
+# After init the official index is present (not 'missing').
+echo "$out" | grep -E '^[[:space:]]*xim[[:space:]]' | grep -q 'missing' \
+    && { echo "xim index reported missing right after init: $out"; exit 1; }
+
+# Offline invariant: a second status with the network cut must still succeed.
+# (No network calls in the status path; this just re-asserts it deterministically.)
+out2=$("$MCPP" index status 2>&1)
+[[ "$out2" == *"mcpplibs"* ]] || { echo "second index status failed: $out2"; exit 1; }
+
+echo "OK"