how-we-use-dom-events.md

How we use DOM events

This page details how we use DOM input events, what we do with them, and how you can build things on top of our usage. Generally you will not need to know this information but it can be helpful if you are also binding your own event handlers to the window or to a drag handle. ⚠️ Note: due to a bug in webkit, particular events such as mousemove will not correctly set event.defaultPrevented to true when event.preventDefault() is called. You can follow progress on this issue here.

Prior knowledge

This page assumes a working knowledge of DOM events. For a good introduction to DOM events see:

• An introduction to browser events
• How event capturing and bubbling works

Safe event bindings

Without needing going into all the details below, here are the safest event handlers to build on top of @hello-pangea/dnd:

These can be added on the drag handle, anywhere else higher on the tree or to the window directly.

• onClick: the event.defaultPrevented property will be set to true if occurred as a part of the drag interaction. This is true even if the drag was not finished with a pre-click action such as mouseup or touchend. See sloppy clicks and click prevention.
• onKeyDown: the event.defaultPrevented property will be set to true if it was used as a part of a drag.

General rules

Event prevention

When we use an input event as part of a drag and drop interaction we generally call event.preventDefault() on the event to opt out of standard browser behaviour for the event. We do not stop the propagation of events that we call event.preventDefault() on so even though we may use a mousemove event for dragging we will not block that event from being published (propagating) and received by your event handlers.

• we use: event.preventDefault()
• we do not use: event.stopPropagation()

We add all event handlers to the window in the capture phase. What this means is as long as you are applying your events handlers in the bubbling phase (which is the default for event handlers) then behaviour of events will be as described on this page.

In order to know if we have already used the event for the purpose of drag and drop you need to check the event.defaultPrevented property.

So let's say you want to add a window click handler. You could do something like this:

window.addEventListener('click', (event: MouseEvent) => {
  // event has already been used for drag and drop
  if (event.defaultPrevented) {
    return;
  }

  doMyCoolThing();
});

Direct and indirect actions

Some user events have a direct impact on a drag: such as a mousemove when dragging with a mouse or the up arrow ↑ keydown event while dragging with a keyboard. These direct events will have event.preventDefault() called on them to prevent their default browser behaviours. Some events indirectly impact a drag such as a resize event which cancels a drag. For events that indirectly impact a drag we do not call event.preventDefault() on them. Generally indirect events that impact drag are events that cancel a drag such as resize and orientationchange events.

Mouse dragging 🐭

Initial mousedown

• preventDefault() is called on mousedown 😞

This is the only known exception to our rule set. It is unfortunate that it is the first one to appear in this guide!

When the user first performs a mousedown on a drag handle we are not sure if they are intending to click or drag. Ideally we would not call preventDefault() on this event as we are not sure if it is a part of a drag. However, we need to call preventDefault() in order to avoid the item obtaining focus as it has a tabIndex.

We are not sure yet if a drag will start

• preventDefault() not called on mousemove

The user needs to move a small threshold before we consider the movement to be a drag. In this period of time we do not call preventDefault() on any mousemove events as we are not sure if they are dragging or just performing a sloppy click

The user has indicated that they are not mouse dragging

• preventDefault() not called on the event that caused the pending drag to end (such as mouseup and keydown). Any keydown event that is firered while there is a pending drag will be considered an indirect cancel
• preventDefault() is not called on the subsequent click event if there is one

A mouse drag has started and the user is now dragging

• preventDefault() is called on mousemove events
• preventDefault() is called on a few keydown events to prevent their standard browser behaviour
• preventDefault() is not called on keyup events even if the keydown was prevented

A drag is ending

• preventDefault() is called on a mouseup if it ended the drag
• preventDefault() is called on a escape esc keydown if it ended the drag as it directly ended the drag
• preventDefault() is called on the next click event regardless of how the drag ended. See sloppy clicks and click prevention
• preventDefault() is not called on other events such as resize that indirectly ended a drag
• preventDefault() is not called on keyup events even if they caused the drag to end

Touch dragging 📱

The logic for touch dragging works in a similar way to mouse dragging

Initial touchstart

• preventDefault() is not called on touchstart.

When a user presses their finger (or other input) on a <Draggable /> we are not sure if they where intending to tap, force press, scroll the container or drag. Because we do not know what the user is trying to do yet we do not call preventDefault() on the event.

The user has indicated that they are not touch dragging

• preventDefault() is not called on any events

A user can start a drag by holding their finger 👇 on an element for a small period of time 🕑 (long press). If the user moves during this time with touchmove then we do not call preventDefault() on the event.

It is possible to cancel a touch drag with over events such as an orientationchange or a touchcancel. We do not call preventDefault on these events.

A touch drag has started and the user is now dragging

• preventDefault() is called on touchmove events

✌️

A touch drag is ending

• preventDefault() is called on touchend
• preventDefault() is called on touchcancel
• preventDefault() is called on an escape esc keydown as a direct cancel. preventDefault() is not call on any other keydown as it is an indirect cancel.
• preventDefault() is not called on other events such as orientationchange that can cancel a drag

Force press

See our force press guide

<Draggable shouldRespectForcePress={false} /> (the default)

Opting out of force change events by default for a more consistent drag experience

• preventDefault() is called on all touchforcechange events after a touchstart event is fired and a pending drag timer has started

<Draggable shouldRespectForcePress />

Respecting standard force touch interactions

• preventDefault() is not called on touchforcechange if a drag has not started yet
• preventDefault() is not called on touchforcechange a drag that has started but no movement has occurred yet. The force press cancels the drag and is an indirect cancel.
• preventDefault() is called after on touchforcechange a drag has started and a touchmove has fired. This is defensive as a force press touchforcechange should not occur after a touchmove.

Keyboard dragging 🎹

We only use keydown events for keyboard dragging so keyup events never have preventDefault() called on them

Drag start

preventDefault() is called on keydown

Unlike mouse dragging a keyboard drag starts as soon as the user presses the spacebar space. This initial keyboard interaction has event.preventDefault() called on it.

While dragging

• preventDefault() is called on a keydown event if the event is used as part of the drag (such as the up arrow ↑)
• preventDefault() is called on keydown events were we want to block the stanard browser behaviours (such as enter for submission)
• preventDefault() is not called on keydown events that we do not use for the drag

Drag ending

• preventDefault() is called on a keydown if it is the spacebar space key as it is dropping the item
• preventDefault() is called on a keydown if it is the escape esc key as it is explicitly cancelling the drag
• preventDefault() is not called on events that indirectly cancel a drag such as resize or mousedown.

Error events

Background: please see Setup problem detection and error recovery.

If an rfd error is thrown and is caught by our window error listener, we will call event.preventDefault() on the error event to mark it as consumed. We do this as well as aborting the existing drag and logging warnings in development mode.

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