@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ const itPty = hasNative ? it : it.skip
 // doesn't reliably provide (echo timing); skip there, mirroring the terminals
 // plugin's own `itPosixPty` gate.
 const itPosixPty = (hasNative && process.platform !== 'win32') ? it : it.skip
+const itWindowsPty = (hasNative && process.platform === 'win32') ? it : it.skip
 
 interface FakeSink {
   write: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>
@@ -613,6 +614,29 @@ describe('devframeTerminalHost interactive PTY sessions', () => {
     expect(result.killed).toBe(false)
   })
 
+  itWindowsPty('runs .cmd shims, which ConPTY cannot spawn directly', async () => {
+    const dir = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), 'devframe-pty-shim-'))
+    try {
+      const pathKey = Object.keys(process.env).find(key => key.toUpperCase() === 'PATH') ?? 'PATH'
+      writeFileSync(join(dir, 'echo-args.cmd'), `@"${NODE}" -e "process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(process.argv.slice(1)))" %*\r\n`)
+      const { host } = createTerminalHost()
+
+      const session = await host.startPtySession({
+        command: 'echo-args',
+        args: ['a&b', 'c d'],
+        // Reuse the inherited key: Windows env blocks are case-insensitive.
+        env: { [pathKey]: `${dir};${process.env[pathKey]}` },
+      }, { id: 'pty-cmd-shim', title: 'PTY .cmd shim' })
+      const output = await session.getResult()
+
+      expect(output.output).toContain('["a&b","c d"]')
+      expect(output.exitCode).toBe(0)
+    }
+    finally {
+      rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true })
+    }
+  })
+
   itPty('getResult() preserves a non-zero PTY exit code', async () => {
     expect.assertions(3)
 
 
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+import { mkdtempSync, rmSync, writeFileSync } from 'node:fs'
+import { tmpdir } from 'node:os'
+import { join } from 'node:path'
+import { afterAll, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import { resolvePtyCommand } from '../pty-command'
+
+const bin = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), 'devframe-pty-command-'))
+writeFileSync(join(bin, 'pnpm.cmd'), '')
+writeFileSync(join(bin, 'legacy.bat'), '')
+writeFileSync(join(bin, 'node.exe'), '')
+
+afterAll(() => rmSync(bin, { recursive: true, force: true }))
+
+const win32 = { cwd: tmpdir(), platform: 'win32' as const, env: { Path: bin, ComSpec: 'C:\\Windows\\system32\\cmd.exe' } }
+
+describe('resolvePtyCommand', () => {
+  it('runs .cmd shims through ComSpec on win32', () => {
+    expect(resolvePtyCommand('pnpm', ['exec', 'storybook', 'dev', '-p', '6006'], win32)).toEqual({
+      command: 'C:\\Windows\\system32\\cmd.exe',
+      args: ['/d', '/c', 'pnpm', 'exec', 'storybook', 'dev', '-p', '6006'],
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('runs .bat files through ComSpec on win32', () => {
+    expect(resolvePtyCommand('legacy', [], win32).command).toBe('C:\\Windows\\system32\\cmd.exe')
+  })
+
+  it('falls back to cmd.exe without ComSpec', () => {
+    expect(resolvePtyCommand('pnpm', [], { ...win32, env: { PATH: bin } }).command).toBe('cmd.exe')
+  })
+
+  it('runs unresolved commands through cmd.exe so a typo fails like a shell would', () => {
+    expect(resolvePtyCommand('does-not-exist', ['x'], win32).args).toEqual(['/d', '/c', 'does-not-exist', 'x'])
+  })
+
+  it('spawns real executables directly on win32', () => {
+    expect(resolvePtyCommand('node', ['-v'], win32)).toEqual({ command: 'node', args: ['-v'] })
+    expect(resolvePtyCommand(join(bin, 'node.exe'), ['-v'], win32)).toEqual({ command: join(bin, 'node.exe'), args: ['-v'] })
+  })
+
+  it('does not wrap cmd.exe itself', () => {
+    expect(resolvePtyCommand('cmd.exe', ['/c', 'dir'], win32)).toEqual({ command: 'cmd.exe', args: ['/c', 'dir'] })
+    expect(resolvePtyCommand('C:\\Windows\\system32\\cmd.exe', [], win32).args).toEqual([])
+  })
+
+  it('escapes cmd metacharacters in bare arguments, twice for batch shims', () => {
+    expect(resolvePtyCommand('does-not-exist', ['a&b', 'x(y)'], win32).args).toEqual(['/d', '/c', 'does-not-exist', 'a^&b', 'x^(y^)'])
+    expect(resolvePtyCommand('pnpm', ['a&b', '50%'], win32).args).toEqual(['/d', '/c', 'pnpm', 'a^^^&b', '50^^^%'])
+  })
+
+  it('leaves arguments zigpty quotes untouched', () => {
+    expect(resolvePtyCommand('pnpm', ['a b&c', '', 'say "hi"'], win32).args).toEqual(['/d', '/c', 'pnpm', 'a b&c', '', 'say "hi"'])
+  })
+
+  it('skips the cwd when NoDefaultCurrentDirectoryInExePath is set', () => {
+    const env = { NoDefaultCurrentDirectoryInExePath: '1', ComSpec: 'cmd.exe' }
+    expect(resolvePtyCommand('node', [], { ...win32, cwd: bin, env }).command).toBe('cmd.exe')
+    expect(resolvePtyCommand('node', [], { ...win32, cwd: bin, env: { ComSpec: 'cmd.exe' } }).command).toBe('node')
+  })
+
+  it('leaves the command unchanged on other platforms', () => {
+    for (const platform of ['linux', 'darwin'] as const)
+      expect(resolvePtyCommand('pnpm', ['a&b'], { ...win32, platform })).toEqual({ command: 'pnpm', args: ['a&b'] })
+  })
+})
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import process from 'node:process'
 import { createEventEmitter } from 'devframe/utils/events'
 import { HUB_EVENTS } from '../events'
 import { diagnostics } from './diagnostics'
+import { resolvePtyCommand } from './pty-command'
 
 type PartialWithoutId<T extends { id: string }> = Partial<T> & { id: string }
 
@@ -443,18 +444,21 @@ export class DevframeTerminalsHost implements DevframeTerminalsHostType {
 
     const spawnPty = (): IPty => {
       const currentRun = ++runId
-      const ptyProcess = spawn(executeOptions.command, executeOptions.args ?? [], {
+      const cwd = executeOptions.cwd ?? process.cwd()
+      const env = {
+        ...process.env,
+        TERM: PTY_TERM_NAME,
+        COLORTERM: 'truecolor',
+        FORCE_COLOR: '1',
+        ...(executeOptions.env ?? {}),
+      }
+      const { command, args } = resolvePtyCommand(executeOptions.command, executeOptions.args ?? [], { cwd, env })
+      const ptyProcess = spawn(command, args, {
         name: PTY_TERM_NAME,
         cols,
         rows,
-        cwd: executeOptions.cwd ?? process.cwd(),
-        env: {
-          ...process.env,
-          TERM: PTY_TERM_NAME,
-          COLORTERM: 'truecolor',
-          FORCE_COLOR: '1',
-          ...(executeOptions.env ?? {}),
-        },
+        cwd,
+        env,
       })
       const outputChunks: string[] = []
       let killed = false
 
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+import { existsSync } from 'node:fs'
+import { extname, resolve } from 'node:path'
+import process from 'node:process'
+
+export interface PtyCommand {
+  command: string
+  args: string[]
+}
+
+export interface ResolvePtyCommandOptions {
+  cwd: string
+  env: Record<string, string | undefined>
+  platform?: NodeJS.Platform
+}
+
+const DEFAULT_PATHEXT = '.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD'
+// Same set cross-spawn escapes for `cmd.exe`.
+const CMD_META_CHARS = /[()[\]%!^"`<>&|;, *?]/g
+
+export function resolvePtyCommand(
+  command: string,
+  args: string[],
+  { cwd, env, platform = process.platform }: ResolvePtyCommandOptions,
+): PtyCommand {
+  if (platform !== 'win32')
+    return { command, args }
+
+  const comSpec = getEnv(env, 'ComSpec') || 'cmd.exe'
+  if (isCmd(command, comSpec))
+    return { command, args }
+
+  const resolved = findExecutable(command, cwd, env)
+  const ext = resolved ? extname(resolved).toLowerCase() : ''
+  if (ext === '.exe' || ext === '.com')
+    return { command, args }
+
+  // `.cmd`/`.bat` shims re-parse their arguments
+  // metachar need a second round of escaping to survive both passes
+  const isBatch = ext === '.cmd' || ext === '.bat'
+  return {
+    command: comSpec,
+    args: ['/d', '/c', escapeCmd(command, false), ...args.map(arg => escapeCmd(arg, isBatch))],
+  }
+}
+
+function getEnv(env: ResolvePtyCommandOptions['env'], name: string): string | undefined {
+  const key = Object.keys(env).findLast(key => key.toLowerCase() === name.toLowerCase())
+  return key ? env[key] : undefined
+}
+
+function isCmd(command: string, comSpec: string): boolean {
+  const name = command.toLowerCase()
+  return name === comSpec.toLowerCase() || name === 'cmd' || name === 'cmd.exe'
+}
+
+function findExecutable(command: string, cwd: string, env: ResolvePtyCommandOptions['env']): string | undefined {
+  const extensions = (getEnv(env, 'PATHEXT') || DEFAULT_PATHEXT).split(';').filter(Boolean)
+  const candidates = extname(command) ? [command, ...extensions.map(ext => command + ext)] : extensions.map(ext => command + ext)
+
+  const searchCwd = getEnv(env, 'NoDefaultCurrentDirectoryInExePath') === undefined
+  const dirs = /[\\/]/.test(command)
+    ? [cwd]
+    : [...(searchCwd ? [cwd] : []), ...(getEnv(env, 'PATH') || '').split(';').filter(Boolean)]
+  for (const dir of dirs) {
+    for (const candidate of candidates) {
+      const file = resolve(dir, candidate)
+      if (existsSync(file))
+        return file
+    }
+  }
+  return undefined
+}
+
+/**
+ * Escape `cmd.exe` metacharacters in an argument zigpty passes unquoted.
+ * zigpty already double-quotes arguments with whitespace or quotes, and
+ * `cmd.exe` keeps quoted metacharacters literal, so those are left alone.
+ */
+function escapeCmd(arg: string, doubleEscape: boolean): string {
+  if (!arg || /[\s"]/.test(arg))
+    return arg
+  const escaped = arg.replace(CMD_META_CHARS, '^$&')
+  return doubleEscape ? escaped.replace(CMD_META_CHARS, '^$&') : escaped
+}