refactor(hms): derive catalog configuration from properties

[blackmwk]

Part of apache/iceberg-rust#3094.

Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge?

HmsCatalogBuilder::load manually parses URI, warehouse, and thrift transport properties and filters the remaining storage properties.

Describe the solution you would like

Use the Properties derive macro for the HMS catalog property projection while preserving required URI and warehouse validation and the current framed, buffered, and fallback transport behavior.

Acceptance criteria:

• Public builder APIs remain unchanged.
• URI and warehouse validation remains compatible.
• Thrift transport parsing preserves existing fallback behavior.
• Unknown FileIO and KMS properties remain available downstream.
• Focused unit tests cover defaults, transport values, validation, and property retention.

Willingness to contribute

I can contribute to this feature independently.