refactor(glue): derive catalog configuration from properties

[blackmwk]

Part of apache/iceberg-rust#3094.

Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge?

GlueCatalogBuilder::load manually parses URI, catalog ID, and warehouse properties and filters the remaining AWS and storage properties.

Describe the solution you would like

Use the Properties derive macro for the Glue catalog property projection while preserving optional URI and catalog ID handling, required warehouse validation, and forwarding all unmodeled AWS, FileIO, and KMS properties.

Acceptance criteria:

• Public builder APIs remain unchanged.
• URI, catalog ID, and warehouse behavior remains compatible.
• Recognized properties are excluded from the forwarded property map.
• Unknown AWS and storage properties remain available downstream.
• Focused unit tests cover defaults, overrides, validation, and property retention.

Willingness to contribute

I can contribute to this feature independently.