refactor(memory): derive catalog configuration from properties

[blackmwk]

Part of apache/iceberg-rust#3094.

Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge?

MemoryCatalogBuilder::load manually extracts the warehouse property and filters the remaining catalog properties.

Describe the solution you would like

Use the Properties derive macro for the Memory catalog property projection while preserving the required warehouse validation and forwarding all unmodeled properties to FileIO and KMS consumers.

Acceptance criteria:

• Builder and CatalogBuilder::load APIs remain unchanged.
• Warehouse parsing and validation remain behavior-compatible.
• Recognized properties are excluded from the forwarded property map.
• Unknown properties remain available to downstream consumers.
• Focused unit tests cover defaults, overrides, validation, and property retention.

Willingness to contribute

I can contribute to this feature independently.