diff --git a/python/pyarrow/__init__.py b/python/pyarrow/__init__.py
index f2a874f56fa..c024cdc69a7 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/__init__.py
+++ b/python/pyarrow/__init__.py
@@ -156,7 +156,10 @@ def print_entry(label, value):
         print(f"  {fs: <20}: {status: <8}")
 
     print("\nCompression Codecs:")
-    codecs = ["brotli", "bz2", "gzip", "lz4_frame", "lz4", "snappy", "zstd"]
+    # "lz4" is an alias for "lz4_frame", so the list used to name the same
+    # codec twice and leave out lz4_raw. See _ensure_compression().
+    codecs = ["brotli", "bz2", "gzip", "lz4_frame", "lz4_raw", "snappy",
+              "zstd"]
     for codec in codecs:
         status = "Enabled" if Codec.is_available(codec) else "-"
         print(f"  {codec: <20}: {status: <8}")
diff --git a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_misc.py b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_misc.py
index 856873f441b..c0fa484e35e 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_misc.py
+++ b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_misc.py
@@ -123,6 +123,26 @@ def test_runtime_info():
         subprocess.check_call([sys.executable, "-c", code], env=env)
 
 
+def test_show_info(capsys):
+    pa.show_info()
+    out = capsys.readouterr().out
+
+    # Which codecs and modules are enabled depends on how PyArrow was built,
+    # so only the labels are checked, not their status.
+    assert "Compression Codecs:" in out
+    codecs = [line.split(":")[0].strip()
+              for line in out.split("Compression Codecs:")[1].splitlines()
+              if ":" in line]
+    # "lz4" is an alias for "lz4_frame", so naming both listed one codec
+    # twice and left out lz4_raw.
+    assert codecs == ["brotli", "bz2", "gzip", "lz4_frame", "lz4_raw",
+                      "snappy", "zstd"]
+
+    for section in ("Platform:", "Memory:", "Optional modules:",
+                    "Filesystems:"):
+        assert section in out
+
+
 @pytest.mark.processes
 def test_import_at_shutdown():
     # GH-38626: importing PyArrow at interpreter shutdown would crash