diff --git a/.github/actions/odbc-windows/action.yml b/.github/actions/odbc-windows/action.yml
index 8323f364464b..609417331945 100644
--- a/.github/actions/odbc-windows/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/odbc-windows/action.yml
@@ -83,11 +83,15 @@ runs:
         $(vcpkg fetch nuget | tail -n 1) \
           setapikey "${{ inputs.github-token }}" \
           -source "https://nuget.pkg.github.com/$GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER/index.json"
+    - name: Find Visual Studio
+      shell: pwsh
+      run: |
+        "VS_INSTALL_PATH=$(vswhere -latest -property installationPath)" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
     - name: Build
       shell: cmd
       run: |
         set VCPKG_ROOT_KEEP=%VCPKG_ROOT%
-        call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+        call "%VS_INSTALL_PATH%\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64 || exit /b 1
         set VCPKG_ROOT=%VCPKG_ROOT_KEEP%
         bash -c "ci/scripts/cpp_build.sh $(pwd) $(pwd)/build"
     - name: Register Flight SQL ODBC Driver
diff --git a/.github/workflows/cpp_extra.yml b/.github/workflows/cpp_extra.yml
index 046e95292b04..6da67d1eb63f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/cpp_extra.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/cpp_extra.yml
@@ -418,10 +418,15 @@ jobs:
           path: ${{ steps.ccache-info.outputs.cache-dir }}
           key: jni-windows
 
+      - name: Find Visual Studio
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          "VS_INSTALL_PATH=$(vswhere -latest -property installationPath)" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
+
       - name: CMake
         shell: cmd
         run: |
-          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          call "%VS_INSTALL_PATH%\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64 || exit /b 1
           cmake ^
             -S cpp ^
             -B cpp.build ^
@@ -432,13 +437,13 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build
         shell: cmd
         run: |
-          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          call "%VS_INSTALL_PATH%\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64 || exit /b 1
           cmake --build cpp.build
 
       - name: Install
         shell: cmd
         run: |
-          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          call "%VS_INSTALL_PATH%\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64 || exit /b 1
           cmake --install cpp.build
 
       - name: Test
@@ -448,7 +453,7 @@ jobs:
           ARROW_TEST_DATA: ${{ github.workspace }}\testing\data
           PARQUET_TEST_DATA: ${{ github.workspace }}\cpp\submodules\parquet-testing\data
         run: |
-          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          call "%VS_INSTALL_PATH%\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64 || exit /b 1
           set TZDIR=%MSYS2_LOCATION%\usr\share\zoneinfo
 
           set exclude_tests=arrow-acero-asof-join-node-test
@@ -465,7 +470,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build example
         shell: cmd
         run: |
-          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          call "%VS_INSTALL_PATH%\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64 || exit /b 1
 
           cmake ^
             -S cpp/examples/minimal_build ^
@@ -728,7 +733,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: cmd
         run: |
           set VCPKG_ROOT_KEEP=%VCPKG_ROOT%
-          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          call "%VS_INSTALL_PATH%\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64 || exit /b 1
           set VCPKG_ROOT=%VCPKG_ROOT_KEEP%
           # Convert VCPKG Windows path to MSYS path
           for /f "usebackq delims=" %%I in (`bash -c "cygpath -u \"$VCPKG_ROOT_KEEP\""` ) do set VCPKG_ROOT=%%I
diff --git a/.github/workflows/cpp_windows.yml b/.github/workflows/cpp_windows.yml
index a91656f35787..17c9debb2962 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/cpp_windows.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/cpp_windows.yml
@@ -115,12 +115,16 @@ jobs:
         with:
           path: ${{ steps.ccache-info.outputs.cache-dir }}
           key: cpp-ccache-windows-${{ inputs.arch }}
+      - name: Find Visual Studio
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          "VS_INSTALL_PATH=$(vswhere -latest -property installationPath)" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
       - name: Build
         shell: cmd
         env:
           VCVARS_ARCH: ${{ inputs.arch }}
         run: |
-          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" %VCVARS_ARCH%
+          call "%VS_INSTALL_PATH%\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" %VCVARS_ARCH% || exit /b 1
           bash -c "ci/scripts/cpp_build.sh $(pwd) $(pwd)/build"
       - name: Save ccache
         if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
@@ -135,7 +139,7 @@ jobs:
           VCVARS_ARCH: ${{ inputs.arch }}
           MSYS2_LOCATION: ${{ steps.setup-msys2.outputs.msys2-location }}
         run: |
-          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" %VCVARS_ARCH%
+          call "%VS_INSTALL_PATH%\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" %VCVARS_ARCH% || exit /b 1
           # For ORC
           set TZDIR=%MSYS2_LOCATION%\usr\share\zoneinfo
           bash -c "ci/scripts/cpp_test.sh $(pwd) $(pwd)/build"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/matlab.yml b/.github/workflows/matlab.yml
index 60914eae7ce2..da36b83bbec9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/matlab.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/matlab.yml
@@ -167,10 +167,14 @@ jobs:
             ${{ steps.ccache-info.outputs.cache-dir }}
           key: matlab-ccache-windows-${{ hashFiles('cpp/**', 'matlab/**', '!matlab/build/**') }}
           restore-keys: matlab-ccache-windows-
+      - name: Find Visual Studio
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          "VS_INSTALL_PATH=$(vswhere -latest -property installationPath)" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
       - name: Build MATLAB Interface
         shell: cmd
         run: |
-          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          call "%VS_INSTALL_PATH%\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64 || exit /b 1
           bash -c "ci/scripts/matlab_build.sh $(pwd)"
       - name: Run MATLAB Tests
         env:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ruby.yml b/.github/workflows/ruby.yml
index 9df6cf694b93..7feb8296a318 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ruby.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ruby.yml
@@ -450,18 +450,22 @@ jobs:
           $(vcpkg fetch nuget | tail -n 1) \
             setapikey "${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}" \
             -source "https://nuget.pkg.github.com/$GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER/index.json"
+      - name: Find Visual Studio
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          "VS_INSTALL_PATH=$(vswhere -latest -property installationPath)" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
       - name: Build C++
         shell: cmd
         run: |
           set VCPKG_ROOT_KEEP=%VCPKG_ROOT%
-          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          call "%VS_INSTALL_PATH%\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64 || exit /b 1
           set VCPKG_ROOT=%VCPKG_ROOT_KEEP%
           bash -c "ci/scripts/cpp_build.sh $(pwd) $(pwd)/build"
       - name: Build GLib
         shell: cmd
         run: |
           set VCPKG_ROOT_KEEP=%VCPKG_ROOT%
-          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          call "%VS_INSTALL_PATH%\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64 || exit /b 1
           set VCPKG_ROOT=%VCPKG_ROOT_KEEP%
           bash -c "ci/scripts/c_glib_build.sh $(pwd) $(pwd)/build"
       - name: Save ccache
diff --git a/ci/scripts/python_build.bat b/ci/scripts/python_build.bat
index 536901e3af13..255b44486ede 100644
--- a/ci/scripts/python_build.bat
+++ b/ci/scripts/python_build.bat
@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ py -0p
 
 %PYTHON_CMD% -m sysconfig || exit /B 1
 
-@REM Setup MSVC environment
-
-call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+@REM Setup MSVC environment. Find the Visual Studio Path first.
+for /f "usebackq delims=" %%i in (`"%ProgramFiles(x86)%\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe" -latest -property installationPath`) do set "VS_INSTALL_PATH=%%i"
+call "%VS_INSTALL_PATH%\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64 || exit /B 1
 @echo on
 
 echo "=== CCACHE Stats before build ==="
diff --git a/dev/release/verify-release-candidate.bat b/dev/release/verify-release-candidate.bat
index e3e9e800e80a..add36194f03e 100644
--- a/dev/release/verify-release-candidate.bat
+++ b/dev/release/verify-release-candidate.bat
@@ -84,8 +84,9 @@ set PATH=%INSTALL_DIR%\bin;%PATH%
 mkdir !ARROW_SOURCE!\cpp\build
 pushd !ARROW_SOURCE!\cpp\build
 
-@rem This is the path for Visual Studio Community 2017
-call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+@REM Setup MSVC environment. Find the Visual Studio Path first.
+for /f "usebackq delims=" %%i in (`"%ProgramFiles(x86)%\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe" -latest -property installationPath`) do set "VS_INSTALL_PATH=%%i"
+call "%VS_INSTALL_PATH%\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64 || exit /B 1
 
 @rem NOTE(wesm): not using Ninja for now to be able to more easily control the
 @rem generator used
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ cmake -G "%GENERATOR%" ^
       -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=%CONDA_PREFIX%\Library ^
       -DCMAKE_UNITY_BUILD=ON ^
       -DPARQUET_REQUIRE_ENCRYPTION=ON ^
-      ..  || exit /B
+      ..  || exit /B 1
 
 cmake --build . --target INSTALL --config Release || exit /B 1
 
diff --git a/dev/tasks/matlab/github.yml b/dev/tasks/matlab/github.yml
index d2a0b0a0bc0b..89ccc8e47f5c 100644
--- a/dev/tasks/matlab/github.yml
+++ b/dev/tasks/matlab/github.yml
@@ -111,12 +111,16 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash
         run: arrow/ci/scripts/install_sccache.sh pc-windows-msvc $(pwd)/sccache
       {{ macros.github_configure_aws_credentials()|indent }}
+      - name: Find Visual Studio
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          "VS_INSTALL_PATH=$(vswhere -latest -property installationPath)" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
       - name: Build MATLAB Interface
         shell: cmd
         env:
         {{ macros.github_set_sccache_envvars()|indent(8) }}
         run: |
-          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          call "%VS_INSTALL_PATH%\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64 || exit /b 1
           bash -c "arrow/ci/scripts/matlab_build.sh $(pwd)/arrow"
       - name: Compress into single artifact
         shell: bash