feat: implements a hex to rgb conversion function (#11113)

* feat: implements a hex to rgb conversion function

* docs: adds module's author, description and references

* chore: fix file trailing line

* feat: insert the algorithms into Directory.md

---------

Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>

Author: cicerotcv

DIRECTORY.md

@@ -222,6 +222,7 @@
   * [Energy Conversions](conversions/energy_conversions.py)
   * [Excel Title To Column](conversions/excel_title_to_column.py)
   * [Hex To Bin](conversions/hex_to_bin.py)
+  * [Hex To Rgb](conversions/hex_to_rgb.py)
   * [Hexadecimal To Decimal](conversions/hexadecimal_to_decimal.py)
   * [Int To Negative Binary Base](conversions/int_to_negative_binary_base.py)
   * [Ipv4 Conversion](conversions/ipv4_conversion.py)

conversions/hex_to_rgb.py

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+"""
+* Author: Cicero Tiago Carneiro Valentim (https://github.com/cicerotcv)
+* Description: Convert hexadecimal (#FF2000) color to RGB (rgb(255, 32, 0)).
+
+References:
+https://www.w3schools.com/colors/colors_rgb.asp
+https://www.w3schools.com/colors/colors_hexadecimal.asp
+"""
+
+
+def hex_to_rgb(hex_color: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Converts a hexadecimal color code to RGB values.
+
+    Args:
+        hex_color (str): A hexadecimal color code, e.g., "#RGB" or "#RRGGBB".
+
+    Returns:
+        str: A string representation of a rgb value "rgb(r, g, b)" containing
+        three integers.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If the input hex_color is not a valid hexadecimal color code.
+
+    Examples:
+    >>> hex_to_rgb("#FF0000")
+    'rgb(255, 0, 0)'
+
+    >>> hex_to_rgb("#00FF00")
+    'rgb(0, 255, 0)'
+
+    >>> hex_to_rgb("#123")
+    'rgb(17, 34, 51)'
+
+    >>> hex_to_rgb("#000000")
+    'rgb(0, 0, 0)'
+
+    >>> hex_to_rgb("#FFFFFF")
+    'rgb(255, 255, 255)'
+
+    >>> hex_to_rgb("#0088FF")
+    'rgb(0, 136, 255)'
+
+    >>> hex_to_rgb("#0032ccAA")
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+    ...
+    ValueError: Invalid hex color code
+
+    >>> hex_to_rgb("#0032")
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+    ...
+    ValueError: Invalid hex color code
+
+    Note:
+        - The function supports both 6-digit and 3-digit hex color codes.
+    """
+
+    hex_color = hex_color.lstrip("#")
+
+    # Check if the input is a valid hex color code
+    if not (len(hex_color) == 6 or len(hex_color) == 3):
+        raise ValueError("Invalid hex color code")
+
+    # Expand 3-digit hex codes to 6 digits (e.g., "#123" to "#112233")
+    if len(hex_color) == 3:
+        hex_color = "".join([char * 2 for char in hex_color])
+
+    # Parse the hex values to integers
+    red = int(hex_color[0:2], 16)
+    green = int(hex_color[2:4], 16)
+    blue = int(hex_color[4:6], 16)
+
+    return f"rgb({red}, {green}, {blue})"
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import doctest
+
+    doctest.testmod()