diff --git a/apps/memos-local-plugin/core/storage/repos/policies.ts b/apps/memos-local-plugin/core/storage/repos/policies.ts
index 29920f60a..deade6726 100644
--- a/apps/memos-local-plugin/core/storage/repos/policies.ts
+++ b/apps/memos-local-plugin/core/storage/repos/policies.ts
@@ -185,6 +185,7 @@ export function makePoliciesRepo(db: StorageDb) {
           where: whereParts.join(" AND "),
           params,
           hardCap: opts.hardCap,
+          orderBy: "updated_at DESC, id DESC",
         },
       );
     },
diff --git a/apps/memos-local-plugin/core/storage/repos/skills.ts b/apps/memos-local-plugin/core/storage/repos/skills.ts
index 8a04d8e70..0c6774318 100644
--- a/apps/memos-local-plugin/core/storage/repos/skills.ts
+++ b/apps/memos-local-plugin/core/storage/repos/skills.ts
@@ -223,6 +223,7 @@ export function makeSkillsRepo(db: StorageDb) {
           where: whereParts.join(" AND "),
           params,
           hardCap: opts.hardCap,
+          orderBy: "updated_at DESC, id DESC",
         },
       );
     },
diff --git a/apps/memos-local-plugin/core/storage/repos/traces.ts b/apps/memos-local-plugin/core/storage/repos/traces.ts
index d8bcea5e3..c66797919 100644
--- a/apps/memos-local-plugin/core/storage/repos/traces.ts
+++ b/apps/memos-local-plugin/core/storage/repos/traces.ts
@@ -552,6 +552,7 @@ export function makeTracesRepo(db: StorageDb) {
           where: whereParts.join(" AND "),
           params,
           hardCap: opts.hardCap,
+          orderBy: "ts DESC, id DESC", // repo-internal constant; validated in scanAndTopK
         },
       );
     },
diff --git a/apps/memos-local-plugin/core/storage/repos/world_model.ts b/apps/memos-local-plugin/core/storage/repos/world_model.ts
index 6a3a95662..b7d312dc4 100644
--- a/apps/memos-local-plugin/core/storage/repos/world_model.ts
+++ b/apps/memos-local-plugin/core/storage/repos/world_model.ts
@@ -172,6 +172,7 @@ export function makeWorldModelRepo(db: StorageDb) {
         vecColumn: "vec",
         where,
         hardCap: opts.hardCap,
+        orderBy: "updated_at DESC, id DESC",
       });
     },
 
diff --git a/apps/memos-local-plugin/core/storage/vector.ts b/apps/memos-local-plugin/core/storage/vector.ts
index 4aa27269d..001da95ea 100644
--- a/apps/memos-local-plugin/core/storage/vector.ts
+++ b/apps/memos-local-plugin/core/storage/vector.ts
@@ -185,6 +185,15 @@ export interface VectorScanOptions {
   params?: Record<string, unknown>;
   /** Optional LIMIT to cap candidates fetched from SQLite. */
   hardCap?: number;
+  /**
+   * Optional ORDER BY clause (without the "ORDER BY") applied before the
+   * `hardCap` LIMIT. Without it the bounded candidate window is SQLite's
+   * arbitrary physical scan prefix, so the globally best vector can be
+   * excluded purely by physical position. Repos pass their recency column
+   * (e.g. `ts DESC, id DESC`) so the window is a deterministic, meaningful
+   * candidate policy — most recent rows first — that existing indexes serve.
+   */
+  orderBy?: string;
 }
 
 export interface ScanRow {
@@ -208,11 +217,26 @@ export interface ScanRow {
  */
 export const DEFAULT_SCAN_HARD_CAP = 5_000;
 
+/**
+ * `orderBy` is interpolated into SQL, so it must be a repo-internal constant.
+ * This allowlist (identifier[, identifier]… each optionally ASC/DESC) rejects
+ * anything else at the boundary, so a future caller passing request-derived
+ * input fails loudly instead of opening SQL injection.
+ */
+const SAFE_ORDER_BY_RE =
+  /^[a-z_][a-z0-9_]*(\s+(asc|desc))?(,\s*[a-z_][a-z0-9_]*(\s+(asc|desc))?)*$/i;
+
 /**
  * Stream rows from `table`, decode vectors, and run top-K cosine against
  * `query`. `selectExtra` lets callers bring along columns that will surface in
  * `VectorHit.meta`.
  *
+ * Bounded-scan semantics: the `hardCap` LIMIT bounds how many rows enter
+ * cosine ranking. Without `orderBy` that window is SQLite's arbitrary
+ * physical scan prefix; repos pass a deterministic recency order (e.g.
+ * `ts DESC, id DESC`) so the window is a defined candidate policy — the most
+ * recent qualifying rows — instead of a physical accident (#2233).
+ *
  * Streaming: we use `.iterate()` (not `.all()`) so at most one row's
  * BLOB is decoded at a time. The top-K min-heap keeps only `k`
  * vectors of state, so peak RSS is O(k * dim) regardless of how many
@@ -229,12 +253,16 @@ export function scanAndTopK<TMeta = undefined>(
 ): Array<VectorHit<string, TMeta>> {
   if (k <= 0 || query.length === 0) return [];
 
-  const { vecColumn, norm2Column, where, params, hardCap } = opts;
+  const { vecColumn, norm2Column, where, params, hardCap, orderBy } = opts;
+  if (orderBy !== undefined && !SAFE_ORDER_BY_RE.test(orderBy)) {
+    throw new Error(`scanAndTopK: unsafe orderBy value: ${JSON.stringify(orderBy)}`);
+  }
   const cap = hardCap ?? DEFAULT_SCAN_HARD_CAP;
   const cols = ["id", vecColumn, ...(norm2Column ? [norm2Column] : []), ...selectExtra];
   const sql = [
     `SELECT ${cols.join(", ")} FROM ${table}`,
     where ? `WHERE ${where}` : "",
+    orderBy ? `ORDER BY ${orderBy}` : "",
     `LIMIT ${cap}`,
   ]
     .filter(Boolean)
diff --git a/apps/memos-local-plugin/tests/unit/storage/vector-stream.test.ts b/apps/memos-local-plugin/tests/unit/storage/vector-stream.test.ts
index 590691c23..6386ca172 100644
--- a/apps/memos-local-plugin/tests/unit/storage/vector-stream.test.ts
+++ b/apps/memos-local-plugin/tests/unit/storage/vector-stream.test.ts
@@ -226,4 +226,81 @@ describe("scanAndTopK — streaming rewrite (#2076)", () => {
       db.close();
     }
   });
+
+  it("orderBy makes the hardCap window a deterministic recency policy, not a physical prefix (#2233)", () => {
+    // Same table shape `traces`/`policies` vector search uses: a recency
+    // column next to the vector BLOB.
+    const query = vec([1, 0]);
+    const makeRows = () => {
+      // Two perfect matches: an OLD one and a NEW one; 18 orthogonal fillers.
+      // Which one a bounded window sees is entirely decided by its ordering
+      // policy — the bug was that the policy was "whatever SQLite's physical
+      // scan happens to visit first".
+      const rows = [
+        { id: "r-new", v: vec([1, 0]), ts: 1_000 },
+        { id: "r-old", v: vec([1, 0]), ts: 1 },
+      ];
+      for (let i = 0; i < 18; i++) {
+        rows.push({ id: `r-filler-${i}`, v: vec([0, 1]), ts: 2 + i });
+      }
+      return rows;
+    };
+
+    // With the recency order the repos now pass, a cap-1 window is
+    // deterministically the newest row — the perfect match with ts=1000 —
+    // regardless of the table's physical row layout.
+    for (const layout of ["insertion", "reversed"] as const) {
+      const db = new Database(":memory:");
+      db.exec(`CREATE TABLE bench (id TEXT PRIMARY KEY, vec BLOB, ts INTEGER NOT NULL);`);
+      try {
+        const insert = db.prepare("INSERT INTO bench (id, vec, ts) VALUES (?, ?, ?)");
+        const rows = makeRows();
+        const ordered = layout === "reversed" ? [...rows].reverse() : rows;
+        for (const r of ordered) insert.run(r.id, encodeVector(r.v), r.ts);
+
+        const hits = scanAndTopK(
+          // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+          db as any,
+          "bench",
+          [],
+          query,
+          1,
+          { vecColumn: "vec", where: "vec IS NOT NULL", hardCap: 1, orderBy: "ts DESC, id DESC" },
+        );
+        expect(hits).toHaveLength(1);
+        expect(hits[0]!.id).toBe("r-new");
+        expect(hits[0]!.score).toBeCloseTo(1, 5);
+      } finally {
+        db.close();
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Without orderBy the cap-1 window is whichever row the planner visits
+    // first — layout-dependent by definition, so there is nothing stable to
+    // assert about the winner; the point of the option is that it no
+    // longer matters.
+  });
+
+  it("rejects an orderBy that is not a repo-internal column list (SQL-injection boundary)", () => {
+    const db = openTinyVecDb();
+    try {
+      const inject = "ts DESC; DROP TABLE bench --";
+      expect(() =>
+        scanAndTopK(
+          // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+          db as any,
+          "bench",
+          [],
+          vec([1, 0]),
+          1,
+          { vecColumn: "vec", where: "vec IS NOT NULL", orderBy: inject },
+        ),
+      ).toThrow(/unsafe orderBy/);
+      // The table is untouched — the guard fired before any SQL ran.
+      const n = db.prepare("SELECT COUNT(*) AS n FROM bench").get() as { n: number };
+      expect(n.n).toBe(0);
+    } finally {
+      db.close();
+    }
+  });
 });