Support PRAGMA statement

Adds PRAGMA name, PRAGMA name(arguments) and PRAGMA name = value, as
used by DuckDB and SQLite to read and set database settings. PRAGMA
stays a non-reserved keyword.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01EqinwHBKuAtPEmtXr3b5P2

Author: hayssams

src/main/java/net/sf/jsqlparser/statement/PragmaStatement.java

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/*-
+ * #%L
+ * JSQLParser library
+ * %%
+ * Copyright (C) 2004 - 2026 JSQLParser
+ * %%
+ * Dual licensed under GNU LGPL 2.1 or Apache License 2.0
+ * #L%
+ */
+package net.sf.jsqlparser.statement;
+
+import net.sf.jsqlparser.expression.Expression;
+import net.sf.jsqlparser.expression.operators.relational.ExpressionList;
+
+/**
+ * {@code PRAGMA name}, {@code PRAGMA name(arguments)} and {@code PRAGMA name = value}, used by
+ * DuckDB and SQLite to read or set database settings.
+ *
+ * @see <a href="https://duckdb.org/docs/stable/configuration/pragmas">PRAGMA statements</a>
+ */
+public class PragmaStatement implements Statement {
+    private String name;
+    private ExpressionList<?> parameters;
+    private Expression value;
+
+    public PragmaStatement() {}
+
+    public PragmaStatement(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public PragmaStatement withName(String name) {
+        setName(name);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public ExpressionList<?> getParameters() {
+        return parameters;
+    }
+
+    public void setParameters(ExpressionList<?> parameters) {
+        this.parameters = parameters;
+    }
+
+    public PragmaStatement withParameters(ExpressionList<?> parameters) {
+        setParameters(parameters);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public Expression getValue() {
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    public void setValue(Expression value) {
+        this.value = value;
+    }
+
+    public PragmaStatement withValue(Expression value) {
+        setValue(value);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public StringBuilder appendTo(StringBuilder builder) {
+        builder.append("PRAGMA ").append(name);
+        if (parameters != null) {
+            builder.append("(").append(parameters).append(")");
+        }
+        if (value != null) {
+            builder.append(" = ").append(value);
+        }
+        return builder;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return appendTo(new StringBuilder()).toString();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <T, S> T accept(StatementVisitor<T> statementVisitor, S context) {
+        return statementVisitor.visit(this, context);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/net/sf/jsqlparser/statement/StatementFeatureVisitor.java

@@ -521,6 +521,13 @@ public <S> Void visit(Drop drop, S context) {
         return null;
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public <S> Void visit(PragmaStatement pragmaStatement, S context) {
+        analysis.claimTopLevel();
+        analysis.certain(StmtFeature.MODIFIES_SESSION);
+        return null;
+    }
+
     @Override
     public <S> Void visit(PurgeStatement purgeStatement, S context) {
         analysis.claimTopLevel();

src/main/java/net/sf/jsqlparser/statement/StatementVisitor.java

@@ -371,6 +371,12 @@ default void visit(RenameTableStatement renameTableStatement) {
         this.visit(renameTableStatement, null);
     }
 
+    <S> T visit(PragmaStatement pragmaStatement, S context);
+
+    default void visit(PragmaStatement pragmaStatement) {
+        this.visit(pragmaStatement, null);
+    }
+
     <S> T visit(PurgeStatement purgeStatement, S context);
 
     default void visit(PurgeStatement purgeStatement) {

src/main/java/net/sf/jsqlparser/statement/StatementVisitorAdapter.java

@@ -618,6 +618,11 @@ public <S> T visit(RenameTableStatement renameTableStatement, S context) {
         return null;
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public <S> T visit(PragmaStatement pragmaStatement, S context) {
+        return null;
+    }
+
     @Override
     public <S> T visit(PurgeStatement purgeStatement, S context) {
         return null;

src/main/java/net/sf/jsqlparser/util/TablesNamesFinder.java

@@ -209,6 +209,7 @@
 import net.sf.jsqlparser.statement.update.Update;
 import net.sf.jsqlparser.statement.update.UpdateSet;
 import net.sf.jsqlparser.statement.upsert.Upsert;
+import net.sf.jsqlparser.statement.PragmaStatement;
 
 
 /**
@@ -2468,6 +2469,17 @@ public void visit(RenameTableStatement renameTableStatement) {
         StatementVisitor.super.visit(renameTableStatement);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public <S> Void visit(PragmaStatement pragmaStatement, S context) {
+        // no tables involved in this statement
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void visit(PragmaStatement pragmaStatement) {
+        StatementVisitor.super.visit(pragmaStatement);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public <S> Void visit(PurgeStatement purgeStatement, S context) {
         if (purgeStatement.getPurgeObjectType() == PurgeObjectType.TABLE) {

src/main/java/net/sf/jsqlparser/util/deparser/StatementDeParser.java

@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@
 import net.sf.jsqlparser.statement.update.ParenthesedUpdate;
 import net.sf.jsqlparser.statement.update.Update;
 import net.sf.jsqlparser.statement.upsert.Upsert;
+import net.sf.jsqlparser.statement.PragmaStatement;
 
 public class StatementDeParser extends AbstractDeParser<Statement>
         implements StatementVisitor<StringBuilder> {
@@ -556,6 +557,12 @@ public <S> StringBuilder visit(RenameTableStatement renameTableStatement, S cont
         return builder;
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public <S> StringBuilder visit(PragmaStatement pragmaStatement, S context) {
+        pragmaStatement.appendTo(builder);
+        return builder;
+    }
+
     @Override
     public <S> StringBuilder visit(PurgeStatement purgeStatement, S context) {
         purgeStatement.appendTo(builder);

src/main/java/net/sf/jsqlparser/util/validation/validator/StatementValidator.java

@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@
 import net.sf.jsqlparser.statement.upsert.Upsert;
 import net.sf.jsqlparser.util.validation.ValidationCapability;
 import net.sf.jsqlparser.util.validation.metadata.NamedObject;
+import net.sf.jsqlparser.statement.PragmaStatement;
 
 /**
  * @author gitmotte
@@ -477,6 +478,12 @@ public <S> Void visit(RenameTableStatement renameTableStatement, S context) {
         return null;
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public <S> Void visit(PragmaStatement pragmaStatement, S context) {
+        // TODO: not yet implemented
+        return null;
+    }
+
     @Override
     public <S> Void visit(PurgeStatement purgeStatement, S context) {
         // TODO: not yet implemented
@@ -693,6 +700,10 @@ public void visit(RenameTableStatement renameTableStatement) {
         visit(renameTableStatement, null);
     }
 
+    public void visit(PragmaStatement pragmaStatement) {
+        visit(pragmaStatement, null);
+    }
+
     public void visit(PurgeStatement purgeStatement) {
         visit(purgeStatement, null);
     }

src/main/jjtree/net/sf/jsqlparser/parser/JSqlParserCC.jjt

@@ -2201,6 +2201,7 @@ String NonReservedWord() :
       | tk=<K_PLACING:"PLACING">
       | tk=<K_PLAN:"PLAN">
       | tk=<K_PLUS:"PLUS">
+      | tk=<K_PRAGMA: "PRAGMA">
       | tk=<K_PRECEDING: "PRECEDING">
       | tk=<K_PRIMARY:"PRIMARY">
       | tk=<K_POLICY:"POLICY">
@@ -2939,6 +2940,8 @@ Statement SingleStatement() :
             |
             LOOKAHEAD({ isKeywordAhead("REVOKE") }) stm = Revoke(false)
             |
+            LOOKAHEAD({ getToken(1).kind == K_PRAGMA }) stm = PragmaStatement()
+            |
             stm = PurgeStatement()
             |
             stm = SessionStatement()
@@ -4340,6 +4343,31 @@ RenameTableStatement RenameTableStatement(): {
     }
 }
 
+/**
+ * DuckDB/SQLite PRAGMA name [(arguments) | = value].
+ */
+PragmaStatement PragmaStatement() #PragmaStatement:
+{
+    PragmaStatement pragmaStatement = new PragmaStatement();
+    ObjectNames name;
+    ExpressionList parameters;
+    Expression value;
+}
+{
+    <K_PRAGMA> name=RelObjectNames()
+    { pragmaStatement.setName(String.join(".", name.getNames())); }
+    // greedy: parentheses right after the pragma name are its arguments
+    [
+        LOOKAHEAD(2)
+        (
+            "(" parameters=ExpressionList() ")" { pragmaStatement.setParameters(parameters); }
+            |
+            "=" value=SimpleExpression() { pragmaStatement.setValue(value); }
+        )
+    ]
+    { return pragmaStatement; }
+}
+
 PurgeStatement PurgeStatement(): {
     PurgeStatement purgeStatement = null;
     Table table;

src/test/java/net/sf/jsqlparser/statement/select/DuckDBTest.java

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 import net.sf.jsqlparser.statement.create.table.CreateTable;
 import net.sf.jsqlparser.statement.insert.Insert;
 import net.sf.jsqlparser.statement.DescribeStatement;
+import net.sf.jsqlparser.statement.PragmaStatement;
 import net.sf.jsqlparser.test.TestUtils;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
@@ -205,4 +206,35 @@ void testDescribeTableStillParses() throws JSQLParserException {
 
         Assertions.assertEquals("t", describe.getTable().getName());
     }
+
+    @Test
+    void testPragmaWithArguments() throws JSQLParserException {
+        String sqlStr = "PRAGMA table_info('t')";
+        PragmaStatement pragma =
+                (PragmaStatement) TestUtils.assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sqlStr, true);
+
+        Assertions.assertEquals("table_info", pragma.getName());
+        Assertions.assertEquals(1, pragma.getParameters().size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testPragmaAssignment() throws JSQLParserException {
+        String sqlStr = "PRAGMA memory_limit = '1GB'";
+        PragmaStatement pragma =
+                (PragmaStatement) TestUtils.assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sqlStr, true);
+
+        Assertions.assertEquals("'1GB'", pragma.getValue().toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testPragmaWithoutArguments() throws JSQLParserException {
+        String sqlStr = "PRAGMA database_list";
+        TestUtils.assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sqlStr, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testPragmaRemainsUsableAsIdentifier() throws JSQLParserException {
+        String sqlStr = "SELECT pragma FROM t";
+        TestUtils.assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sqlStr, true);
+    }
 }