diff --git a/src/browser_retirement.rs b/src/browser_retirement.rs
index 7090dfa..d20d7da 100644
--- a/src/browser_retirement.rs
+++ b/src/browser_retirement.rs
@@ -1127,6 +1127,12 @@ async fn retire(
     let _ = browser
         .close_owned_target(id, remaining(operation_deadline)?, cancel)
         .await;
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    let operation_deadline = crate::browser_target::TEST_CLOSE_WAIT
+        .get()
+        .map_or(operation_deadline, |wait| {
+            operation_deadline.min(Instant::now() + wait)
+        });
     loop {
         if targets(&browser, operation_deadline)
             .await?
diff --git a/src/browser_runner.rs b/src/browser_runner.rs
index 7ee8c26..4a56393 100644
--- a/src/browser_runner.rs
+++ b/src/browser_runner.rs
@@ -4186,10 +4186,22 @@ fn capture_image_summary(
     let capture = capture_outcome(store, id, witness, outcome, &text, None, cancel)?;
     Ok((capture, text))
 }
+const ATTACHMENT_BUDGET_FLOOR: Duration = Duration::from_secs(45);
+#[cfg(test)]
+thread_local! {
+    static TEST_ATTACHMENT_BUDGET_FLOOR: std::cell::Cell<Option<Duration>> = const { std::cell::Cell::new(None) };
+}
+fn attachment_budget_floor() -> Duration {
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    if let Some(floor) = TEST_ATTACHMENT_BUDGET_FLOOR.get() {
+        return floor;
+    }
+    ATTACHMENT_BUDGET_FLOOR
+}
 /// Reference attachment completion budget: max(inputTimeoutMs, 45 s) plus 20 s for each
 /// further file, raised to `attachmentTimeoutMs`. All of a batch's uploads share it.
 fn attachment_budget(config: &Value, limits: &RunnerLimits, files: usize) -> Duration {
-    let budget = limits.command.max(Duration::from_secs(45))
+    let budget = limits.command.max(attachment_budget_floor())
         + Duration::from_secs(20).saturating_mul(files.saturating_sub(1) as u32);
     budget.max(Duration::from_millis(
         config["attachmentTimeoutMs"].as_u64().unwrap_or(0),
diff --git a/src/browser_runner_tests.rs b/src/browser_runner_tests.rs
index f4b8756..1b119c4 100644
--- a/src/browser_runner_tests.rs
+++ b/src/browser_runner_tests.rs
@@ -2063,6 +2063,11 @@ fn limits() -> RunnerLimits {
         bringup: Duration::from_secs(5),
     }
 }
+/// For uploads that wait out their budget by design: the fixture's command budget, in place of
+/// the 45 s production floor. `attachment_budget` still takes the larger of the two.
+const WAITED_OUT_ATTACHMENT_FLOOR: Duration = Duration::from_secs(5);
+/// For closes the fixture refuses, which production watches for its whole budget.
+const REFUSED_CLOSE_WAIT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(1);
 /// Limits for cases whose commit or answer deadline expires before a bounded provider read.
 /// That read's whole budget is min(commit, answer), so the fixture's 500 ms leaves too little
 /// for its identity checks and receipts once a parallel suite stalls native publication.
@@ -5670,6 +5675,7 @@ async fn a_lock_held_through_cleanup_and_warning_keeps_the_completed_answer() {
 
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn completed_close_retries_resume_only_the_exact_durable_marker() {
+    crate::browser_target::TEST_CLOSE_WAIT.set(Some(REFUSED_CLOSE_WAIT));
     for explicit in [false, true] {
         for fault in [
             Fault::CloseRefusedTwice,
@@ -5740,10 +5746,12 @@ async fn completed_close_retries_resume_only_the_exact_durable_marker() {
             stop(f).await;
         }
     }
+    crate::browser_target::TEST_CLOSE_WAIT.set(None);
 }
 
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn same_process_reconciliation_never_closes_running_or_uncertain_requests() {
+    crate::browser_target::TEST_CLOSE_WAIT.set(Some(REFUSED_CLOSE_WAIT));
     for case in [
         "running",
         "send-uncertain",
@@ -5793,6 +5801,7 @@ async fn same_process_reconciliation_never_closes_running_or_uncertain_requests(
         assert_eq!(f.sends.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 1);
         stop(f).await;
     }
+    crate::browser_target::TEST_CLOSE_WAIT.set(None);
 }
 
 #[tokio::test]
@@ -6724,6 +6733,9 @@ async fn source_mismatch_historical_echo_incomplete_answer_and_lost_ack_never_re
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn owned_upload_must_reach_readiness_and_cleanup_before_send() {
     for fault in [Fault::None, Fault::UploadFailed] {
+        // The failure waits out the budget by design; the successful upload keeps the real one.
+        TEST_ATTACHMENT_BUDGET_FLOOR
+            .set(matches!(fault, Fault::UploadFailed).then_some(WAITED_OUT_ATTACHMENT_FLOOR));
         let f = fixture(fault, true).await;
         let result = run(&f).await;
         assert_eq!(result.is_ok(), matches!(fault, Fault::None));
@@ -6758,6 +6770,7 @@ async fn owned_upload_must_reach_readiness_and_cleanup_before_send() {
         assert!(f.home.path().join("public.txt").exists());
         stop(f).await;
     }
+    TEST_ATTACHMENT_BUDGET_FLOOR.set(None);
 }
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn unconfirmed_upload_commands_or_cleanup_never_authorise_close_or_send() {
@@ -6770,6 +6783,18 @@ async fn unconfirmed_upload_commands_or_cleanup_never_authorise_close_or_send()
         Fault::UploadCleanupWrongOwner,
         Fault::UploadCleanupWrongNavigation,
     ] {
+        // These wait out the budget by design; the wrong receipts refuse on their first read and
+        // keep the real budget, so expiry cannot stand in for the refusal they test.
+        TEST_ATTACHMENT_BUDGET_FLOOR.set(
+            matches!(
+                fault,
+                Fault::UploadObjectUnacknowledged
+                    | Fault::UploadDescribeUnacknowledged
+                    | Fault::UploadCommandUnacknowledged
+                    | Fault::UploadCleanupFailed
+            )
+            .then_some(WAITED_OUT_ATTACHMENT_FLOOR),
+        );
         let f = fixture(fault, true).await;
         assert!(run(&f).await.is_err(), "{fault:?}");
         assert_eq!(f.sends.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 0, "{fault:?}");
@@ -6789,6 +6814,7 @@ async fn unconfirmed_upload_commands_or_cleanup_never_authorise_close_or_send()
         );
         stop(f).await;
     }
+    TEST_ATTACHMENT_BUDGET_FLOOR.set(None);
 }
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn a_cleaned_second_upload_failure_retires_the_owned_target_with_its_first_upload() {
diff --git a/src/browser_target.rs b/src/browser_target.rs
index 22033a8..f35b787 100644
--- a/src/browser_target.rs
+++ b/src/browser_target.rs
@@ -10,6 +10,13 @@ use tokio::{
 use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
 
 const LATE_CLEANUP: Duration = Duration::from_millis(750);
+#[cfg(test)]
+thread_local! {
+    /// Shortens the watch after a close the fixture refuses, not the close command itself. The
+    /// watch only reads the target list, so unlike the command budget it needs no room for a
+    /// durable write.
+    pub(crate) static TEST_CLOSE_WAIT: std::cell::Cell<Option<Duration>> = const { std::cell::Cell::new(None) };
+}
 fn allocation_remaining(deadline: std::time::Instant) -> Result<Duration> {
     let remaining = deadline.saturating_duration_since(std::time::Instant::now());
     anyhow::ensure!(
@@ -487,6 +494,10 @@ impl OwnedTarget {
             .browser
             .close_owned_target(&self.id, timeout, &cancel)
             .await;
+        #[cfg(test)]
+        let deadline = TEST_CLOSE_WAIT
+            .get()
+            .map_or(deadline, |wait| deadline.min(Instant::now() + wait));
         loop {
             let remaining = deadline.saturating_duration_since(Instant::now());
             anyhow::ensure!(
@@ -565,6 +576,10 @@ impl OwnedTarget {
             .browser
             .close_owned_target(&self.id, remaining, &CancellationToken::new())
             .await;
+        #[cfg(test)]
+        let deadline = TEST_CLOSE_WAIT.get().map_or(deadline, |wait| {
+            deadline.min(std::time::Instant::now() + wait)
+        });
         loop {
             if self.observe_absence_until(deadline).await? {
                 return Ok(());