diff --git a/src/errors.ts b/src/errors.ts
index 11c9c65..268c169 100644
--- a/src/errors.ts
+++ b/src/errors.ts
@@ -18,9 +18,15 @@ export class AuthenticationError extends DecodoError {
 }
 
 export class RateLimitError extends DecodoError {
-  constructor(message = 'Rate limit exceeded. Slow down your request rate.') {
+  public readonly retryAfterMs: number | undefined;
+
+  constructor(
+    message = 'Rate limit exceeded. Slow down your request rate.',
+    retryAfterMs?: number,
+  ) {
     super(message, 429, 'failed');
     this.name = 'RateLimitError';
+    this.retryAfterMs = retryAfterMs;
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/http.test.ts b/src/http.test.ts
index 871eaa9..076089d 100644
--- a/src/http.test.ts
+++ b/src/http.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
 import { HttpClient } from './http.js';
+import { RateLimitError } from './errors.js';
 import { jsonResponse, mockFetch } from './schema/test-helpers.js';
 
 const baseConfig = {
@@ -83,3 +84,60 @@ describe('HttpClient auth header', () => {
     expect(capturedHeaders?.Authorization).toBe('Bearer test-key');
   });
 });
+
+describe('HttpClient rate limit Retry-After', () => {
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.unstubAllGlobals();
+    vi.restoreAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  const rateLimited = (headers: Record<string, string> = {}) =>
+    new Response(
+      JSON.stringify({ status: 'failed', message: 'Too many requests' }),
+      {
+        status: 429,
+        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', ...headers },
+      },
+    );
+
+  const rateLimitError = async (headers?: Record<string, string>) => {
+    mockFetch(() => rateLimited(headers));
+
+    const client = new HttpClient(baseConfig);
+
+    return client.get('/v3/task/1').then(
+      () => {
+        throw new Error('expected a RateLimitError');
+      },
+      (error: unknown) => error as RateLimitError,
+    );
+  };
+
+  it('parses delta-seconds', async () => {
+    const error = await rateLimitError({ 'Retry-After': '30' });
+
+    expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(RateLimitError);
+    expect(error.retryAfterMs).toBe(30_000);
+  });
+
+  it('parses an HTTP date', async () => {
+    const inTenSeconds = new Date(Date.now() + 10_000).toUTCString();
+
+    const error = await rateLimitError({ 'Retry-After': inTenSeconds });
+
+    expect(error.retryAfterMs).toBeGreaterThan(8_000);
+    expect(error.retryAfterMs).toBeLessThanOrEqual(10_000);
+  });
+
+  it('is undefined when the header is absent', async () => {
+    const error = await rateLimitError();
+
+    expect(error.retryAfterMs).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('is undefined when the header is unparseable', async () => {
+    const error = await rateLimitError({ 'Retry-After': 'soon' });
+
+    expect(error.retryAfterMs).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/http.ts b/src/http.ts
index f9416e4..e21ef2f 100644
--- a/src/http.ts
+++ b/src/http.ts
@@ -24,6 +24,24 @@ export type HttpClientConfig = {
   integrationHeader?: string;
 };
 
+const parseRetryAfter = (value: string | null): number | undefined => {
+  if (!value) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  const seconds = Number(value);
+  if (Number.isFinite(seconds)) {
+    return Math.max(0, seconds * 1000);
+  }
+
+  const date = Date.parse(value);
+  if (!Number.isNaN(date)) {
+    return Math.max(0, date - Date.now());
+  }
+
+  return undefined;
+};
+
 export class HttpClient {
   private readonly baseUrl: string;
   private readonly authHeader: string;
@@ -85,7 +103,10 @@ export class HttpClient {
         throw new AuthenticationError(message);
       }
       if (res.status === 429) {
-        throw new RateLimitError(message);
+        throw new RateLimitError(
+          message,
+          parseRetryAfter(res.headers.get('retry-after')),
+        );
       }
       if (res.status === 422 || (res.status === 400 && errorBody?.errors)) {
         throw new ValidationError(message, errorBody?.errors);